3. Objective
After we finished presentation you have able to
:
Discuss about sudden infant death syndrome
and pathophysiolgy
Know Risk factor for SIDS
Learn about prevent methods and co-sleeping.
Learn about management and nursing process
4. Definition of SIDS
The sudden and unexplained death of an infant
under one year of age.
– Leading cause of death in infants under 12 months
5. Triple risk hypothesis :
Vulnerable infant
Critical developmental period in homeostatic
control
Exogenous stressors
path physiology
6. Proposed Causes (External/Internal)
Tiny hemorrhages
Asphyxiation
Immune System
Disorders
Apnea Hypothesis
Sleep position
Temperature
Smoke/Narcotics
Bedding
8. Temperature
The temperature of the environment would
determine how warmly the infant is dressed or
how tightly a blanket is wrapped around the
infant.
9. Smoke/Narcotics
The presence of smoke during pregnancy
increases the infants chance 3 times for having
SIDS.
The use of narcotics during pregnancy
increases the infants chance 10 times for
having SIDS.
10. Bedding
Improper bedding such as a too soft mattress
or a big fluffy blanket could cause the infant to
inhale stale air during the night.
11. Tiny Hemorrhages
Autopsy’s revealed that tiny hemorrhages
inside of the babies chest could be responsible
for congestion in the lungs during the night.
12. Asphyxiation
Asphyxiation by carbon dioxide is associated
with soft bedding because the infant only
breathes in stale air (containing mostly carbon
dioxide) throughout the night, and does not
receive the proper amount of oxygen.
13. Immune System Disorders
Infants who have an immune system disorder
are at higher risk than those who do not,
because it is likely to cause a change in heart
rate during the night.
14. Apnea Hypothesis
The cessation of airflow to the nose and mouth
(central apnea)
– The pause is called central and usually last for
about 15 seconds
Most widely accepted hypothesis
15. Sleep Apnea Hypothesis
There is an abnormality in the regulation of the
breathing activity that leads to prolonged
central apnea, hypoxia which leads to coma,
death
16. Treatment
Because SIDS has no
known cause and
happens randomly there
is no treatment available.
17. Prevention
Lying the infant on its back during sleep
Proper bedding
Controlled environment temperature
Good prenatal care
Avoidance of smoke and narcotics
Monitors
Co-sleeping with parents
20. What does Co-sleeping do?
Allows for the mother and infant to interact their
breathing patterns.
Exchange sensory stimuli such as sound, movement,
touch, vision, gas, and temperature.
Infants spend less time in the deep stages of sleep.
Allows the baby to be near the mother for breast
feeding during the night.
21. Breast feeding
Human milk provides less calories than
formula, which indicates the need for more
frequent feedings.
– More frequent contact with mother
22. Natural Selection and SIDS
When an infant is separated from its caregiver,
its natural instinct is to protest (cry).
Natural selection probably favored the infants
who protested.
23.
24. Summary
There is no known cause or treatment for
SIDS. Although there is action that can be
taken for the prevention of SIDS. Co-sleeping
and breast feeding, under proper conditions,
are the two most significant prevention
techniques.
25. In addition to loss of infant, families face
could face police investigation, long wait for
autopsy results and continued uncertainty
leading to prolonged emotional distress
consequently affecting the grieving
process
Physician can play active role by
advocating for an autopsy, discussing
autopsy results with the family and
providing emotional support
Surviving siblings and other family
members need age appropriate emotional
support
If appropriate refer family for genetic
counselling and/or metabolic testing
Direct family to local counselling and
support groups
Management and support
1
2
3
4
26. Nursing Dx with SID
Dysfunctional grieving
Fear
Hopelessness
Interrupted family processes
Spiritual distress
27. Nursing Outcomes Nursing Care Plans For
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS
Family members will seek appropriate support persons
for assistance.
Family members will use available support systems to
assist in coping with fear.
Family members will identify feelings of hopelessness
regarding the current situation.
Family members will share feelings about the event.
Family members will verbalize measures to prevent
SIDS.
Family members will use effective coping strategies to
ease spiritual discomfort.
28. Nursing Interventions NCP Nursing Care
Plans For Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
SIDS
Grief Work Facilitation: Assistance with the resolution of a significant loss
Grief Work Facilitation: Perinatal Death: Assistance with the resolution of
a perinatal loss
Coping Enhancement: Assisting a patient to adapt to perceived stressors,
changes, or threats that interfere with meeting life demands and roles
Anxiety Reduction: Minimizing apprehension, dread, foreboding, or
uneasiness related to an unidentified source or anticipated danger
Security Enhancement: Intensifying a patient’s sense of physical and
psychological safety
Hope Instillation: Facilitation of the development of a positive outlook in a
given situation
Emotional Support: Provision of reassurance, acceptance, and
encouragement during times of stress
Family Process Maintenance: Minimization of family process disruption
effects
29. Moon RY, Horne RS, Hauck FR. Sudden infant death
syndrome. Lancet. Nov 3 2007;370(9598):1578-1587.
Weese-Mayer DE, Ackerman MJ, Marazita ML, Berry-
Kravis EM. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: review of
implicated genetic factors. Am J Med Genet A. Apr 15
2007;143A(8):771-788.
Gurbutt D, Gurbutt R. Risk reduction and sudden
infant death syndrome. Community Pract. Jan
2007;80(1):24-27.
Fleming P, Blair PS. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
and parental smoking. Early Hum Dev. Nov
2007;83(11):721-725.
Damato EG. Safe sleep: can pacifiers reduce SIDS risk?
Nurs Womens Health. Feb 2007;11(1):72-76.
Haycock G. Recent research in sudden infant death
syndrome. J Fam Health Care. 2007;17(5):149-151.
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