1. Sarah Stanley, Taylor Minter, Marco Pasquinelli The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture and Managing Across Cultures

2. Objectives Define and explore culture Describe cultural values and dimensions Discuss cross cultural differences and similarities Provide advice on intercultural relationships

3. Agenda Lecture and discuss culture Examining and dispelling stereotypes Hofstede and Trompenaars cultural studies Predispositions and examples Cultural effects on marketing and time Case study Doing business in foreign countries

4. Culture What is culture? Culture is acquired knowledge people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior which forms values, create attitudes and influences behavior What are some of the cultural differences you have noticed since you’ve been in Europe? Culture Quiz

5. Stereotypes Video Look on page 100 What are European stereotypes that you had before you got here, and what is the reality you have encountered?

6. Cultural Values Name American cultural values How much influence do you think cultural values have in the workplace?

7. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Power distance The extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally Uncertainty Avoidance The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these

8. Dimensions Continued Individualism vs. Collectivism Ind.- look after themselves and their immediate family only Coll.-belong to groups or collectives and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty Masculinity vs. Femininity Mas.- dominant values are success money and things Fem.-dominant values are caring for others and quality of life

9. Dimensions Where do you think Japan, France and America fall on these dimensions?

10. Trompenaars Universalism vs. Particularism Un. – The belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere in the world without modification Pa. – The belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and that something cannot be done the same everywhere Individualism vs. Communitarianism In. – The tendency of people to look after themselves and their immediate family Com. – Refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group

11. Trompenaars Neutral vs. Emotional Neut. – A culture in which emotions are held in check Em. – A culture in which emotions are expressed openly and naturally Specific vs. Diffuse Sp. – A culture in which individuals have a large public space they readily share with others and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates Dif. – A culture in which public space and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well

12. Trompenaars Achievement vs. Ascription Ach. - A culture in which people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions Asc. – A culture in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is

13. Predispositions Ethnocentric- values and interests of the parent company are used to make decisions Polycentric- decisions fit the culture of the countries where the MNC operates Regiocentric- the firm blends its interests with those of its subsidiaries on a regional basis Geocentric- company integrates a global systems decision making process

14. Culture and effects on marketing How do you think culture effects business tactics such as marketing products? French American Japan American

15. Time as a cultural factor Time (Sequential vs. Synchronous) Seq. – People tend to do only one activity at a time, keep appointments strictly, and show a strong preference for following plans as they are laid out Syn. – People tend to do more than one activity at a time, appointments are approximate and may be changed at a moment’s notice How does people’s view and adherence to time effect business relations?

16. Case Study- Beijing, Here We Come! What is the likelihood that the Canadians will be able to reach an agreement with the mainland Chinese and not have to go back to their Taiwanese supplier? Are the Canadians making a strategically wise decision letting the Chinese from the PRC handle all the manufacturing, or should they insist on getting more actively involved in the production process? What specific cultural suggestions would you make to the Canadians regarding how to do business with the mainland Chinese?

17. How well do you know cultures? Quizzes China Brazil

18. Advice on handling intercultural relationships China tips Brazil tips