RELOAD: Reduction of Post-harvest Losses and Value Addition in East African Food Value Chains
•Als PPTX, PDF herunterladen•
1 gefällt mir•2,164 views
Enabling change through transdisciplinary knowledge creation processes: Multi-actor approaches in food value chain research in East Africa
Empfohlen
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (19)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (20)
Ähnlich wie RELOAD: Reduction of Post-harvest Losses and Value Addition in East African Food Value Chains
Ähnlich wie RELOAD: Reduction of Post-harvest Losses and Value Addition in East African Food Value Chains (20)
Mehr von Francois Stepman
Mehr von Francois Stepman (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
RELOAD: Reduction of Post-harvest Losses and Value Addition in East African Food Value Chains
- 1. Enabling change through transdisciplinary knowledge creation processes: Multi-actor approaches in food value chain research in East Africa Team PhD students: Maria Restrepo, Guyo Roba MSc students: Eva Hilt, Joanna Albrecht, Anne Emden Post-Docs and Senior Scientists: Dr. Margareta Lelea, Dr. Pamela Ngwenya, Dr. Anja Christinck Prof. Dr. Brigitte Kaufmann, Dr. Christian Hülsebusch German Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), at the Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel November 18th, 2015 - Berlin, Germany Open Space – Session III 16th Annual Meeting of the Inter-Agency Donor Group (IADG) on pro-poor livestock research and development Presented by Margareta Amy Lelea
- 2. Reduction of Post-Harvest Losses and Value Addition in East African Food Value Chains (Reload) reload-globe.net
- 3. Reduction of losses and increase in benefits in livestock value chains in Kenya Marsabit Nakuru d-maps.com KENYA Pastoral meat VC Small-holder dairy VC Photos: Lelea 2014 and 2015 Method: Multi-actor approach - focus on actors and their activity systems rather than on commodities
- 4. Multi-actor approach in the dairy and pastoral meat value chain Dairy chain Pastoral meat chain Activity system Primary actors Smallholder farmers Pastoral producers Livestock keeping Local milk traders Local traders Trading Milk bar owners Local butchers Processing & marketing Local brokers Mediating transactions Commerical dairy managers Slaugherhouse managers Processing & marketing Secondary actors Dairy board officers Meat commission staff Regulating & controlling County government representatives County government representatives Regulating & controlling NGO officers NGO officers Enacting programms External actors Scientists Scientists Investigating Group facilitator Group facilitator Guiding group processes
- 5. Collaborative learning to resolve problems and identify improvement possibilities Dialogue Discovery Applying new knowledge 1. Institutionalization of the collaboration with stakeholders 2. Situation analysis with problem identification and structuring 3. Agreement on goals and priorities 4. Investigation to identify solutions or improved activities 5. Implementing identified “prototypes“ or activities 6. Participatory monitoring and evaluation of activities Christinck and Kaufmann, forthcoming Stakeholder analysis Establish the collaboration Restrepo et al.2014
- 6. Collaborative learning to resolve problems and identify improvement possibilities Dialogue Discovery Applying new knowledge Stakeholder analysis Establish the collaboration Restrepo et al.2014 Restrepo et al.2014
- 7. SMALLHOLDER DAIRY CHAIN, NAKURU Photos: Lelea 2013-5
- 8. Establish the collaboration • Supporting two farmer groups • Mukinduri Dairy Self-Help Group • Lare Livelihoods Improvement CBO • Self-motivation - Bottom-up initiatives • Training on group formation and maturation • Collaboration with: DITSL PhD Student Maria Restrepo, group facilitator Andrew Maina PhD students and faculty members from Egerton University, Nakuru
- 9. Dialogue: Joint understanding of the problematic situation Problem assessment – e.g. through photovoice • Milk quantity – seasonality & work load • Milk quality – cleanliness & composition • Market – rejection & seasonality Agreement on aims & action plans • Milk quantity – silage & fodder • Milk quality – on-farm testing of milk quality & development of standards: California Mastitis Test (CMT), Alcohol test, Improvement of milking parlour • Keeping records on milk production and sale Apply for funding - Video proposal
- 10. 1. Farmer-to-Farmer exchange sessions – Silage, Fodder and Milking parlour 2. Learning and mutual teaching sessions – milk quality testing, California Mastitis Test Discovery: Farmer-driven innovations
- 11. Applying new knowledge: Testing of innovations 0 20 40 60 80 100 Silage Sorghum Lucerne Records Test milk quality CMT %ofmembersthattested Self-defined innovations Farmer participation Lare Mukinduri 1 2 3 4 5 Silage Sorghum Lucerne Records Test milk quality CMTLevelofsatisfaction Self-defined innovations Benefits from innovation Lare Mukinduri Source: Restrepo (unpublished)
- 12. Applying new knowledge: Change of practice • Silage and fodder at larger scale “I have done so much silage that during this dry period I was able to share with my father, as he did not have enough to feed his cows” Mbuthia - Lare • Implementing milk testing “we (with 6 other farmers) implemented a system for testing milk quality every 2nd week to avoid rejection” Mwathi - Mukinduri • Record keeping of other farming activities “I have also implemented records of my sheep and chicken” Kamau - Mukinduri • Diffusion “the group is recognized, we are spreading our roots …” Robert Gacheche - Lare
- 13. PASTORAL MEAT VALUE CHAIN, MARSABIT Photos: Lelea and Roba, 2014
- 14. Stakeholder analysis for collaborative multi-stakeholder processes 6 Stakeholder integration in the research process 5 Selection of participants Which stakeholders should participate in the research project? 4 Stakeholder identification and characterisation Who has a 'stake' with regard to the problem/issue and why? Who has power, interest, knowledge, resources...? What are the relationships between stakeholders? 3 Formulation of a specific issue or problem to be addressed in the research e.g. reducing post-harvest losses, improving quality of products, etc. 2 Actor identification and initial characterization Identifying actors and their roles, objectives and scope of action in the human activity system Reflecting on social difference 1 Selection of a human activity system for research focus e.g. a particular food supply chain Lelea et al. 2015
- 15. • Herding • Watering • Animal treatment • Walking goats to market Producers • Government officers • Local NGOs Actors directly involved with the goats and sheep Activities Interrelated actors Local Traders, Local butchers & Individuals (herders & assistants in the market Transporters & Lorry brokers • Identify goats/sheep of interest • Branding the animal • Trekking to collection point • Organize transport from Marsabit • Animal loading • Trucking to the next market • Market committee • County government • Local NGOs (FH Kenya, ACDI/VOCA) • County government • Government veterinary officer • Individual labourers • Price negotiation & payment • Getting movement permit • Getting health license • Sand loading Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterizationActor identification and Activity Analysis
- 16. 16 • Paying market access fee • Counting goats and contracting broker to sell Nairobi Traders & Brokers • Local trader • County government of Nairobi • Exporters • Institutions • Individual households • Transporters Activities Interrelated actors Butchers • Cooling • Pricing & selling • Nairobi traders • Consumers • Tanneries • Meat distributors • Public health officers • Slaughtering • Meat distribution • Selling meat and skins Domestic & export market Wholesalers • Price negotiations & selling • Distribution • Urban consumers • Households • Hotels, bar & restaurants • Meat exporters (Middle East) Actors directly involved with the goats and sheep Actor identification and Activity Analysis
- 17. Initialisation of multi-stakeholder platform meetings in the pastoral meat value chain Photo: Lelea, 2015 Topics: 1. How to avoid multiple taxation on goats and sheep? 2. How to attract camel and cattle traders to a market in a producer area? 3. How to improve communication from demand-side to the producer? 4. How to coordinate transportation for alternative markets such as Nakuru? First outcomes: • Tax holiday for the Korr market to avoid multiple taxation • Motivation to continue collaboration Stakeholders present: • Pastoralists (small and large herds) • Traders (local area and region) • Brokers • Government officials
- 18. CONCLUSION Multi-actor approaches in food value chain research • Actor orientation takes into account the perspectives, constraints and room of manouever of the different actors in the value chain • Activity orientation takes into account that change in value chains requires change in actions and practices • Change in practices resulted from exchange and integration of diverse knowledge, learning and capacity development • Social relations matter and develop in the course of the interactions – Between actors – Between primary and secondary actors – Between scientists and value chain actors Multi-actor approaches are in themselves social innovations in R&D
- 19. THANK YOU! More information and contact: m.a.lelea@ditsl.org a.christinck@distl.org b.kaufmann@ditsl.org Resources Christinck, A., Kaufmann, B. Forthcoming. Facilitating change: Methodologies for collaborative learning with stakeholders, In: M. Padmanabhan (ed.) Transdisciplinarity for Sustainability. Routledge Lelea, M.A., Roba, G., Christinck, A., Kaufmann, B. 2015. Methodologies for stakeholder analysis for application in transdisciplinary research projects focusing on actors in food supply chains. DITSL ISBN 978-3-945266-00-7 Restrepo, M.J., Lelea, M.A., Christinck, A., Hülsebusch, C., Kaufmann, B. 2014. Collaborative learning for fostering change in complex social-ecological systems: a transdisciplinary perspective on food and farming systems. Knowledge Management for Development Journal 10(3): 38-59 www.reload-globe.net
Hinweis der Redaktion
- http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=236&lang=en
- http://d-maps.com/carte.php?num_car=236&lang=en
- Is iterative Change happens through learning Stakeholder analysisbased on a multi-perspective assessment, so that no important group or institution will be ignored. Institutionalization of the collaboration, i.e. formation of stakeholder groups that represent individuals and have a defined role in the research process and/or formation of collaboration platforms. Situation analysisin order to arrive at a joint understanding of the “problem”, the system of actors and relationships between them, including actual trends of change and important driving factors. Agreement on goals and prioritiesin order to find common grounds and orientation for further activities. Learning and action on possible scenarios and solutionswith the aim to gain new insights and identify possible solutionsthrough a process of dialogue, observation, experimentation, and exposure to different types of knowledge resulting from experimental testing and analysis of management options. Implementing identified solutionsor activities on a test scale in order to gain practical experience and explore significance. Participatory monitoring and evaluation so that the identified solutions and innovative practices are being reflected and new contextualized knowledge generated
- Is iterative Change happens through learning Stakeholder analysisbased on a multi-perspective assessment, so that no important group or institution will be ignored. Institutionalization of the collaboration, i.e. formation of stakeholder groups that represent individuals and have a defined role in the research process and/or formation of collaboration platforms. Situation analysisin order to arrive at a joint understanding of the “problem”, the system of actors and relationships between them, including actual trends of change and important driving factors. Agreement on goals and prioritiesin order to find common grounds and orientation for further activities. Learning and action on possible scenarios and solutionswith the aim to gain new insights and identify possible solutionsthrough a process of dialogue, observation, experimentation, and exposure to different types of knowledge resulting from experimental testing and analysis of management options. Implementing identified solutionsor activities on a test scale in order to gain practical experience and explore significance. Participatory monitoring and evaluation so that the identified solutions and innovative practices are being reflected and new contextualized knowledge generated
- The collaboration has been institutionalised through the supprt of two farmer groups. These were selected based on their motivation to change their situation by “coming together” and to take initiative. The groups reveived training on group formation offered by the Ministry of Social affairs. The collaboration was established and managed by Maria Restrepo with help from the group faciilator Andrew Maina. Different PhD students and staff members from EgertonUniversity in Nakuru were invited depending on their expertise on topics of interest to the farmers.
- To understand better the problems, constraints and challenges from the point of view of the farmers, we used a method called photovoice. The farmers got a camera and took pictures of the problems they face. Before starting, every single member learned how to use the cameras. They teach each other. Then I collected the cameras and printed the pictures, and with them we discussed more about the problems. They first divided the pictures into groups according to their own criteria or parameters, then for each of the groups we talked about the individual pictures and the problems. As you can see in this picture, they have already made the groups or categories. We were talking about feeding, you can see the fodder. In this picture you can see also the farmers join together to discuss the pictures which are on the table. Main Challenges Milk quantity – seasonality, looking for fodder is a labor intensive activity (6-8h), wastages of feeding material, water-the cow needs to drink so much water, that if you don’t have near where to take it it becomes very expensive Milk quality – milk composition (low protein content), difficult to clean the cow (still most farmers pass international standards) Market – uncertainty, payment, volume, rejection, time-quality Solution –CL (15 min) Group – platform for exchange of knowledge, information, perspectives, skills LEARNING Innovations/Activities – Technological (10) Feeding: Silage, lucern, oats, sorghum Unit Testing: CMT, lactometer, Lab Records Milk-Quality standards
- Once they had selected what activities they wanted to implement, we used: Farmer-to-Farmer exchange sessions for silage, the new fodder, and the unit so that the group members new how to use from a peer Learning and teaching session for testing milk quality using lactometer and alcohol, and testing for mastitis using California Mastitis Test CMT – One farmer learns and teaches the other so that at the end of the session all have tried out
- TESTING new ideas on-farm using the farmer-driven innovation grant + PM&E In Lare not many tried Lucerne and desmodium because this year was dry. They still have the seed and they will try when the rains come In Lare also Last harvest was affected by the disease, so not many were able to make silage (did not had raw material). But because the constrains due to the dry weather, more did silage than in Mukinduri
- Refers to a new socially accepted practice After learning and trying new things, those innovations that are taken by the farmers or even spread. Feeding strategies at a larger scale –> meaning they have bough seeds (or saved seed form last harvest) and have planted/planning to plant at a larger scale I don´t have now a number for this …. Although I will have after having look at the SSI (not for this week unfortunately) From Maize some farmers where able to harvest more than 30 Kgs of seeds, which they are going to use to: a) share with other group members; b) increase the area planted 2. Milk testing 3. Record keeping 4. Branching out: a) Others have also implemented after seeing their example (for this I have no numbers) b) New groups created for learning purposes (One in a village in Lare called Milimani and one in a neighbor village from Mukinduri called Gatimu)
- The some as also done for milk testin, recod keeping