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Rural roads, welfare and nutrition
1. ETHIOPIAN DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Rural roads, welfare and nutrition
David Stifel (Lafayette College) and Bart Minten (IFPRI)
IFPRI ESSP
Transformation and vulnerability in Ethiopia: New evidence to inform policy and
investments
Getfam Hotel, Addis Ababa
May 27, 2016
1
2. 2
The Question:
What are the impacts of
improved market access on
household well-being and
nutrition?
To what can we attribute
these impacts?
3. 3
Data
โข Sample area selected purposefully
o Homogeneous region
o Except for transport costs
o Without a road
โข Householdsโ circumstances differ because of
different transport costsโฆ
โฆnot because of land characteristics, etc.
5. 5
Market Access โ Transport Costs
โข Donkey costs (Birr/kg)
o Cost of renting donkey
o Weight donkey can carry
โข Economic transport costs
o Include the opportunity
cost of time
6. 6
Household Per Capita Consumption &
Market Access
0
500
1000150020002500
Birr/person
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Cost (Birr/kg)
Per Capita Household Consumption Food
Non-Food
7. 7
Food Security
0
.1.2.3
Least Remote Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Most Remote
Worry Not Enough Food in Past 30 Days
1-2 Times 3-10 Times
10+ Times
8. 8
Food Security
0
.1.2.3
Least Remote Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Most Remote
Ate Fewer Meals in Past 30 Days
1-2 Times 3-10 Times
10+ Times
0
.1.2.3
PercentofHouseholds
Least Remote Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Most Remote
Ate Smaller Meals in Past 30 Days
1-2 Times 3-10 Times
10+ Times
9. 9
Dietary Diversity
0123456
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Cost (Birr/kg)
All Household Members Chldren under age 5
Average Number of Food Groups in Household Diet
10. 10
Child Stunting-6-2
026
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Costs (Birr/Quintal)
bandwidth = .8
Stunting: HAZ < -2
โข 36 percent stunted
โข Statistically not
different by
remoteness
11. 11
What can explain the relationship between
market access and wellbeing?
1. Agricultural Production
2. Terms of trade
o Marketed surplus
o Purchased consumption items
12. 12
Value of HH Agric Production
0
200040006000
Birr
0 20 40 60 80
Transport Cost (Birr/kg)
Total Production Cereals
Oilseeds Vegetables
Despite similarities in
land productivityโฆ
17. 17
Conclusions
These differences may be
attributed toโฆ
โข Greater agricultural
production
โข Improved terms of trade
that result in increasedโฆ
o Marketed agricultural
surplus
o Purchased consumption
goods
18. 18
Conclusions
โข But, no discernable effects on nutrition outcomes
โข Why?
o Number of food groups low for all households
o Food consumption alone is not enough to affect
nutrition outcomes
o Limited access to clean water, sanitation & healthcare
throughout the survey area