2. Target Marketing
• Target Market
– Consists of a set of buyers who share common
needs or characteristics that the company
decides to serve.
– The process of evaluating segments and focusing
marketing efforts on a country, region, or group
of people that has significant potential to
respond
3. Criteria for Targeting: 9 W’s
• Who buys our product?
• Who does not buy it?
• What need or function does it serve?
• What are customers buying to satisfy the need
for which our product is targeted?
• What price are they paying?
• When is the product purchased?
• Where is it purchased?
• Why is it purchased?
4. FACTORS CONSIDERED IMPORTANT IN
THE SELECTION OF TARGET MARKET
STRATEGY
• 1. Company’s Resources
• 2. Product Homogeneity
• 3. Product Stage in the Life Cycle
• 4. Market Homogeneity
• 5. Competitive Marketing Strategy
5. Target Marketing Strategies
• Five basic strategies for target market
selection:
– (1) Single Segment Targeting
– (2) Selective Targeting
– (3) Mass Market Targeting
– (4) Product Specialization
– (5) Market Specialization
7. Target Marketing
Choosing a Market-Coverage Strategy
Company
Resources
Product
Variability
Product’s Life-Cycle
Stage
Market
Variability
Competitors’
Marketing Strategies
8. Strategies of Target Marketing
• Selecting Target Market Segments
– Undifferentiated (mass) marketing
– (A company’s attempt to appeal to the whole market with a single
basic marketing strategy intended to have a mass appeal.)
– Differentiated (segmented) marketing
– (a company’s attempt to appeal to two or more well defined market
segments with a marketing strategy tailored to each segment)
– Concentrated (niche) marketing
– (a company’s attempt to appeal to one well defined market segment
with one tailor made marketing strategy.)
– Micromarketing (local or individual)
9. Positioning is the act
of designing the
company’s offering
and image to occupy a
distinctive place in the
target market’s mind.
10. Positioning
• Positioning:
– The place the product occupies in consumers’ minds
relative to competing products.
– Typically defined by consumers on the basis of important
attributes.
– Involves implanting the brand’s unique benefits and
differentiation in the customer’s mind.
– Positioning maps that plot perceptions of brands are
commonly used.
• Product’s Position - the place the product occupies in
consumers’ minds relative to competing products; i.e.
Volvo positions on “safety”.
• Marketers must:
– Plan positions to give products the greatest advantage
– Develop marketing mixes to create planned positions
11. Bases for Positioning
• Features: physical traits and performance
• Benefits : feviquick, nerolac paint, fairglow soap
• Usage:- chawanprash for body resistance, pulsur for specific area
• Parentage:- sony vaio, tata indica, Fiat Palio
• Manufacturing process: Fab India Hand Crafted
• Ingredients:- 100% cotton, 100% wool made
• Endorsement:- Lalita ji surf add, sachin boost secret of energy
• Comparison:-
• Pro-environment: canon made from recycled material
• Product class:- dove as moisturizer not as toilet soap, pears as glycerin
soap
• Price/ quality:- Zenith computers “ multinational quality, Indian price”
• Country or geographic area:- German engineering, banarsi sari
12. Positioning must cover
• Who am I? ( the identity, family)
• What am I ? ( the functional capabilities
• For whom am I? ( whom do I serve best)
• Why me? ( why consumer should choose me
and not the other alternatives)
13. How many differences to promote as
positioning
• A USP of all product
• Lux “ beauty soap of female film stars”
• Promise toothpaste “ clove protection for teeth”
• “ best quality” ,
• “most advanced”
• “Best service”
• “Lowest price”
14. Differentiation and Positioning
• Process of creating favorable relative position:
– (1) Identification of target market
– (2) Determination of needs, wants, preferences and
benefits desired
– (3) Examination of competitors’ characteristics and
positioning
– (4) Comparison of product offerings with competitors
– (5) Identification of unique position
– (6) Development of a marketing program
– (7) Continual reassessment
15. Positioning Strategies
• Product Attributes & Benefits, Problem Solutions
• Colgate is positioned on fresh breath. Decay prevention and taste.
• Coseup fresh breath, cosmetic benefits
• Promise clove oil and gum care
• Price & Quality
• Nirma washing powder quality product at low price
• Zenith computer value for money
• Omega,rolex, mercedes,rolls royace higher price
• Specific Use, occasion & time
• Vicks vapo rub child's cold at night
• Iodex for sprain and muscle pains
• Burnol for burns
• Dettol antiseptic lotion
Positioning by corporate identity
tata, sony, godrej and seiko
• Positioning by product category
• Maruti maruti omni van, budgeted cars
• Seven up fresh cleen taste, thirst quenching
• Rajdoot rough & tuff
• Dove cleansing moisturiser
16. Positioning Strategies
• Against Other Products
• Product User
• Dabur chavanyaprash ayurvedic tonic for all as ages
• Zndu chawanyaprash for families with small children to build resistance
• Jhonson & jhonson for babies
• Against a Competitor
17. POSITIONING STRATEGIES
• Identifying possible competitive advantages
• Differentiation can be based on
– Products
– Services
– Channels
– People
– Image
– benefits
18. Product Differentiation
• Form- size, shape or physical structure
• Features- supplement to basic function.
• Performance Quality-the level at which the product’s
primary characteristics operates.
• Conformance Quality- the degree to which all the
produced units are identical and meet the promised
specifications.
• Durability- a measure of the product’s expected operating
life under natural or stressful conditions.
• Reliability- a measure of the probability that a product will
not malfunction within a specified time period.
• Reparability- a measure of the ease of fixing a product
when it fails
• Style
Quality can be communicated by choosing physical
signs and cues
24. Image Differentiation
• Image is the way the public perceives the
company or its products.
• Identity is the way a company aims to
identify or position itself or its products.
• Symbols, colors, slogans, atmosphere,
• Events and employee behavior
25. Choosing the right competitive
advantage
• How many differences to promote?
• Unique selling proposition
• Several benefits
• Which differences to promote? Criteria include:
• Important
• Distinctive
• Superior
• Communicable
• Preemptive
• Affordable
• Profitable
26. Developing and communicating a
positioning strategy
All products can be differentiated to some
extent. But not all differences are meaningful
or worthwhile. A difference is worth
establishing to the extent that it satisfies the
following criteria :
• Important : The difference delivers a highly
valued benefit to a sufficient numbers of
buyers.
• Distinctive : The difference is delivered in a
distinctive way.
27. Developing and communicating a
positioning strategy
• Superior : The difference is superior to other
ways of obtaining the benefit.
• Preemptive : The difference cannot be easily
copied by competitors.
• Affordable : The buyer can afford to pay for
the difference.
• Profitable : The company will find it
profitable to introduce the difference.
28. Choosing a positioning strategy
• Value propositions ( the whole cluster of benefits the
company promises to deliver )represent the full
positioning of the brand
• Possible value propositions:
– More for More
– More for the Same
– More for Less
– The Same for Less
– Less for Much Less
29. Important
Profitable Distinctive
Differences Worth
Establishing
Affordable Superior
Preemptive
31. Steps to Choosing and Implementing
a Positioning Strategy
• Step 1. Identifying a set of possible
competitive advantages: Competitive
Differentiation.
• Step 2. Selecting the right competitive
advantage.
• Step 3. Effectively communicating and
delivering the chosen position to the market.