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Paper review 전상귀 20130817
1. paper review 전상귀
Objective : demonstrated the use of lauryl alcohol as a potential lipidic feed
stock for sophorolipid production using C. bombicola.
2. Introduction
Biosurfactants, alternatives to chemically
synthesized surfactants, have garnered
increasing attention. biodegradability, low
toxicity and resistance to temperature and
pH variations
Sophorolipids exhibit surface-active and
emulsification properties, antimicrobial
activities.
Sophorolipid show anticancer activity, and
are recommended for the treatment of skin
diseases.
3. Material and method
Chemicals - Lauryl alcohol (C12–-14)
Stain – Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
Effect of Glucose Concentration, Temperature
Separation - centrifugation at 5000 rpm, 20min, Etyhl acetate
Structural Characterization - Fourier transform infrared
Surface tension
Emulsification Activity
Wetting Property
Antibacterial Study
4. Result
Effect of Time
Incubation period in the range of 24–
144 h at 30 C at 180 rpm.
Increase in sophorolipid yield was
observed with varying time intervals
, Maximum production was obtained at
96 h.
5. Result
Effect of Carbon Source
Range of 5–12 %
Maximum production of SL was
obtained when 10 % glucose
concentration
6. Result
Effect of initial pH
Maximum production of SL was
obtained when the initial pH of the
medium was 6.0.
7. Result
Effect of Temperature
Range 25–35
30 C resulting in good yield of the
product
Metal ions is hamper the stationary
phase of the organism
8. Results
Effect of Metal ions
Range of 10–30 mM.
Maximum ceoncentration 20 mM of Fe2+
and Zn2+ Ions
9. Results
Structural Characterization of the Produced SLLA by FTIR
From the following FTIR data it could be concluded that alkylsophorosides/ sophorolipid must
have formed and hence showing good surface activities.
10. Results
Emulsification Activity
SLLA showed good emulsifying
activity
Emulsification activity was stable for
the above-mentioned emulsions for
more than 2 weeks.
As per the formula mentioned, the
emulsification index was calculated
for different surfactants
11. Results
Surface Tension
Surface tension of the crude
sophorolipid was investigated in
comparison with that of SDS, laureth
4 and SLOA.
.
SLLA reduced the surface tension of
distilled water to 24 mN/m with a
CMC value of 0.68 mg/L.
13. Results
Contact Angle
Waterproofing or water repellency is
an important industrial process,
which depends on contact angle
values.
A high contact angle indicates a low
solid surface energy or chemical
affinity
14. Results
Antibacterial Activity
Sophorolipids have a good inhibition
property against gram positive bacteria but
so far a very few reports show a satisfactory
inhibition against gram negative bacteria.
It was observed that E. coli showed zero
percent cell survival when sophorolipid
concentration was 3 mg with an incubation
time of 2 h.
15. Results
Antibacterial Activity
In the case of S. aureus, a sophorolipid
concentration of 0.6 mg and incubation
time of 4 h resulted in zero percent cell
survival
SLLA showed better antibacterial ability
than lauryl alcohol.
16. Conclusions
Modification of the lipophilic portion of the sophorolipid structure has shown
to alter the physicochemical properties.
These sophorolipids were found to have higher hydrophobicity and good
emulsification activity.
Surface tension reduction ability was very high compared to synthetic
surfactants along with low CMC values.
Sophorolipids using lauryl alcohol have potent antimicrobial activity on both
gram negative bacteria, E. coli and gram positive bacteria, S. aureus.
Hinweis der Redaktion
계면활성제는 양친매성 저독성 생분해성 여러 ph 에서 안전성등이 장점 소포는 표면장력을 억제 유화력은 항균력등으로 이득을 나타냄 소포는 석융래 계면활성제를 대체할 수 있으며 여러 산업에 이요가능함
Lauryl alcohol 은 계면활성제의 중요한 성분 탄소수 12 향수에도 쓰임
20 이상은 저해시킴 성장곡선을 저해시키다는데 무슨이유인지는 안밝힘
Fourier transform infrared at 3,391.53 cm-1 corresponds to the O–-H masCH2)) and symmetrical stretching (msCH2) of methylene occur at 2,926 and 2,854.32 cm-1 Sugar C–-O stretch of C–-O–-H groups is at 1,048.19 cm-1 of C–-O band of the acetyl esters appears at 1,240.79 cm-1 1,624 cm-1 band is from the stretching of the unsaturated C–-C of C–-O band of C (-O)-O–-C in lactones appears at 1,157 cm-1