Biogenic metals in advanced water treatment

Biometals for advanced water treatment Willy Verstraete Tom Hennebel / Bart De Gusseme Nico Boon LabMET-UGent

Topics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] Take home : Microbial cell walls favor binding of divalent cations : Ca 2+ and Mg 2+

[object Object],[object Object],A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] Urea hydrolysis (Castanier et al., 1999; Sediment Geol, 126: 9-23) CO(NH 2 ) 2 + 2 H 2 O -> 2 NH 3 + H 2 CO 3 Equilibrium H 2 CO 3 ↔ HCO 3 - + H + (pK a2 = 6,37) 2 NH 3 + 2 H 2 O ↔ 2 NH 4 + + 2 OH - pH increase ! Formation of carbonate ions HCO 3 - + H + + 2 NH 4 + + 2 OH - ↔ CO 3 2- + 2 NH 4 + + 2 H 2 O UREA CO 3 2- NH 4 +

A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] In the presence of Ca 2+ precipitation as CaCO 3 CO 3 2- + Ca 2+ ↔ CaCO 3

A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Kinetics of CaCO 3 precipitation sequence :

[object Object],[object Object],A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] Stimulating and accelerating urease activity by addition of low concentrions of urea Tested at pilot scale in paper recycling factory Influent up to 500 mg Ca 2+ /L 90 % removal (HRT = 8h)

A. Microbial Carbonate Precipitation [MCP] ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B. Iron B1. Zerovalent Iron [Fe(0)]

2. Use of Fe(0) in bioactive groundwater barrier system (Matheson & Tratnyek, 1994; ES&T, 28: 2045-2053 ) Fe 2+ RX + H + RH + Cl - Fe(0) e -

B2. Microbial iron oxides [Fe x O y ] ,[object Object],[object Object]

B2. Microbial iron oxides [Fe x O y ] : example Corrosion of iron Fe(0) Fe 2+ 2 e - Thin layer of H 2 protects against Fe 2+ release and corrosion Fe(0) H 2 H 2

Use of H 2 by bacteria and formation of iron precipitates (e.g. De Windt et al., 2003; Environ Microbiol, 5: 1192-2002) B2. Microbial iron oxides [Fe x O y ] : example Fe(0) H 2 + Fe 2+ Take-away to allow continuation of corrosion Nano Fe x O y : new applications

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B2. Microbial iron oxides [Fe x O y ] : characteristics

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],B2. Microbial iron oxides [Fe x O y ] : characteristics

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],C. Manganese Oxides (Mn x O y )

C. Manganese Oxides (Mn x O y ) ,[object Object],[object Object],Chemically Take home: Microbial oxidation of Mn(II) for regeneration of MnO 2 as self-generating oxidative substrate Biologically

C. Manganese Oxides (Mn x O y ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C. Manganese Oxides (Mn x O y ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

C. Manganese Oxides (Mn x O y ) Take home: Oxidation of these compounds results in biodegradable, low molecular compounds and formation of Mn(II) (Sunda & Kieber, 1994; Nature, 367: 62-64) Chemically

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D. Other bioconversions D1. Concepts

D1. Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ Bio-Pd”: microbial precipitated Pd nanoparticles

D1. Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Microsil: Microbial precipitated Ag nanoparticles Patent UGent (LabMET)

D1. Concepts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D2. Applications Bio-Pd

D2. Applications Biocatalytical removal of TCE by bio-Pd in a MR: 2500 mg TCE removed/g Pd.day (Hennebel et al., submitted) Influent (water containing TCE) Headspace gas Plate membranes effluent Gas diffuser Movement of bio-Pd suspension

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],D2. Applications Microsil Growth of E. Coli 15 mg bio-Ag/L 65 mg bio-Ag/L

D2. Applications Use of Pseudomonas for detoxification of phenylmercury from the alkaline chlorine electrolyse: production of Hg(0) (Brunke et al., 1993; FEMS, 11: 145-152)

D2. Applications e.g. Hg: use as a biosensor (Biomet principle, www.vito.be)

E. Other perspectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],E. Other perspectives

[object Object],[object Object],E. Other perspectives CO CO 2 gold nanoparticles

F. Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],F. Conclusions

[object Object],F. Conclusions

Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Biometals for advanced water treatment ir. Tom Hennebel ir. Bart De Gusseme Prof. dr. ir. Nico Boon ir. Tom Hennebel ir. Bart De Gusseme

Biogenic metals in advanced water treatment

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