Presented at IRGF 2012.

1. ‫روشهای‬‫برنامه‬‫نویسی‬
‫انیمیشن‬
‫برای‬
‫بازی‬‫های‬‫رایانه‬‫ای‬
‫امیرحسین‬‫فصیحی‬
‫فن‬‫افزار‬‫شریف‬
‫تیر‬1391

2. ‫اهداف‬
•‫مروری‬‫بر‬‫روشهای‬‫فنی‬‫پیاده‬‫سازی‬‫انیمیشن‬‫در‬‫بازی‬‫ها‬
•‫روشهای‬‫بهینه‬‫سازی‬
•‫بررسی‬‫روش‬‫های‬‫جدید‬
•‫آشنایی‬‫با‬‫بعضی‬‫حوزه‬‫های‬‫تحقیقاتی‬‫علمی‬
•‫تحلیل‬‫فناوری‬‫های‬‫انیمیشن‬‫در‬‫برخی‬‫از‬‫بازی‬‫های‬‫روز‬
•‫میان‬‫افزارهای‬‫انیمیشن‬

3. ‫انواع‬‫روشهای‬‫پیاده‬‫سازی‬‫انیمیشن‬‫در‬‫بازی‬
• Cel Animation
• Billboards with animated textures
• Rigid Hierarchical
• Vertex Animation
• Skinned Animation

4. Cel Animation

5. 3D Animation
•‫بازی‬Doom
oQuad‫هایی‬‫به‬‫سمت‬‫دوربین‬
oAnimated Texture

6. 3D Animation
Rigid Hierarchical Animation

7. Per Vertex Animation / Morph Target

8. Facial Morph Demo Video

9. Skinned Animation

10. Skinned Animation
• Software Skinning
• Hardware Skinning (GPU shaders)

11. Automatic Rigging
http://www.mit.edu/~ibaran/autorig/

12. ‫زمان‬‫در‬‫انیمیشن‬
• Pose Interpolation / Continuous Time
• Time unit (seconds/frames)
• Frame/Sample
ttt = 0.2 ttt = 0.8 ttt = 1.3
Keyframe 1 Keyframe 2 Keyframe 3

13. ‫قالب‬‫داده‬‫ای‬‫برای‬‫انیمیشن‬
• Joint 1
o Keyframe 1
 Translation
• x, y, z
 Orientation
• x, y, z, w
 Scale
• x, y, z
o Keyframe 2
 Translation
• .....
o ....
• Joint 2
o ....

14. ‫انیمیشن‬‫به‬‫عنوان‬‫روش‬‫فشرده‬‫سازی‬
‫اطالعات‬‫الزم‬:‫موقعیت‬‫هر‬vertex‫در‬‫هر‬‫لحظه‬‫از‬‫زمان‬.
‫هدف‬:‫ذخیره‬‫کمترین‬‫اطالعات‬

15. Animation Retargeting
• Real-time motion retargetting to highly varied
user created morphologies (Spore)
• http://chrishecker.com/Real-time_motion_retargeting_to_highly_varied_user-created_morphologies
• Feature points based facial animation
retargetting
• http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1450621

16. Havok Animation Retargeting Video

17. Metachannels
• Events
o Time = 0.5
 footstep left
o Time = 1.5
 footstep right
o ...
• ...

18. Animation Blending
LERP Blending
• Temporal Interpolation
• Motion Continuity (Cross Fading)
• Directional Locomotion
o Targeted Movement
o Pivotal Movement
• Complex LERP Blend
o Generalized one dimensional
o Simple Two dimensional
o Triangular Two dimensional
o Generalized Two dimensional

19. Blending
• Partial skeleton blending
• Additive blending
o Stance variation
o Locomotion noise
o Aim and look at
o Overloading time axis

20. Partial Blending
Uncharted 2

21. Additive Blending

22. Blend Trees

23. Blend Tree

24. UDK Blend Tree Video

25. Post Processing
• Procedural Animation
• Inverse Kinematics
• Ragdolls

26. Ragdolls
Ragdolls in Diablo 3 (box2d.googlecode.com/files/GDC2012_ErinCatto_Ragdolls.pdf)

27. Leg IK

28. Animation Pipeline
• Clip decompression and pose extraction
• Pose blending
• Global pose generation
• Post-processing
• Recalculation of global poses
• Matrix palette generation

29. ‫بهینه‬‫سازی‬‫انیمیشن‬
•‫استفاده‬‫از‬‫حافظه‬‫کمتر‬
•‫استفاده‬‫از‬‫حافظه‬‫بصورت‬cache friendly

30. ‫کمتر‬ ‫حافظه‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬–‫سازی‬ ‫فشرده‬
• Channel Omission
• Quantization
o Scalar Quantization
(Jonathan Blow: http://number-
none.com/product/Scalar%20Quantization/index.html)
• Sample Frequency and Key Omission
• Curve Based Compression (B-Splines, Granny)
• Selective Loading and Streaming

31. Curve Based Compression (B-Splines)
30fps -> 90 frames -> 90 * 32bits = 27180 bits
Curve Fitting -> 7 data points -> 7 * 32bits = 224 bits
t = 3 sec
q

32. CPU Cache
Bitsquid Engine (Low Level Animation System)
http://bitsquid.blogspot.com/2009/11/bitsquid-low-level-animation-system.html
http://bitsquid.blogspot.com/2011/10/low-level-animation-part-2.html

33. Multithreaded Animation
• Intel Horsepower demo:
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/horsepower-source-code-download/

34. Intel Horsepower Demo
Single Threaded Animation

35. Intel Horsepower Demo
Multithreaded Animation

36. Animation Layering
Face Layer - Partial
Hand Layer - Partial
Hair Layer - Partial
Base Layer - Full Body
Run Randomness Layer - Additive
Weapon Layer - Partial
Breathing Layer - Additive
Animation and Player Control in Uncharted 1 & 2, Travis
McIntosh, GDC 2010

37. Physics Based Animation
•‫شبیه‬‫سازی‬‫فیزیکی‬‫برای‬‫مدل‬
•‫استفاده‬‫از‬‫انیمیشن‬‫از‬‫پیش‬‫تعریف‬‫شده‬
•‫ترکیب‬‫شبیه‬‫سازی‬‫و‬‫انیمیشن‬
•‫اعمال‬‫انیمیشن‬‫بر‬‫روی‬‫اعضای‬‫فیزیکی‬‫و‬‫سپس‬‫شبیه‬‫س‬‫ازی‬

38. Dynamic, data-driven character control with
adjustable balance, Dynamo
http://graphics.cs.williams.edu/papers/DynamoVGS06

39. Dynamo Video - Adaptation

40. Dynamo Video - Balance

41. Dynamo - Boxing

42. Dynamo - Failure

43. Dynamic Response for Motion
Capture Animation
http://graphics.cs.ucr.edu/projects/dynResp/mocsim2.html

44. Dynamic Response

45. Dynamic Motion Synthesis
• Natural Motion (Endorphin, Euphoria)
http://naturalmotion.com
• Games
o Read Dead Redemption
o GTA IV
o Star Wars: The Force Unleashed

46. Natural Motion - Euphoria

47. ‫پایه‬‫فناوری‬

48. ‫شبکه‬‫عصبی‬‫و‬‫الگوریتم‬‫های‬‫ژنتیکی‬

49. Dynamic Motion Synthesis – Read Dead
Redemption

50. Dynamic Motion Synthesis – GTA IV

51. Dynamic Motion Synthesis – Star Wars, Force
Unleashed

52. Parametric Motion Graphs
•‫ذخیره‬‫داده‬‫های‬‫حرکتی‬،‫عمدتا‬‫از‬Motion Capture
•‫آنالیز‬‫داده‬‫ها‬‫و‬‫ساخت‬Motion Graph
•‫انجام‬‫جستجوی‬real-time‫در‬‫هنگام‬‫اجرای‬‫بازی‬

53. Motion Graphs Research
Motion Graphs
http://research.cs.wisc.edu/graphics/Papers/Gleicher/Mocap/mograph.pdf
Parametric Motion Graphs
http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~heckr/Papers/PMGFullPaper.pdf

54. Parametric Motion Graphs Demo Video

55. ‫انیمیشن‬‫و‬‫هوش‬‫مصنوعی‬
•‫انتخاب‬‫حرکت‬
oMotion Graph
o‫فیزیکی‬
active
passive
•‫هم‬‫راستا‬‫با‬‫تحقیقات‬‫کنترل‬‫و‬‫روباتیک‬

56. Animation-Driven Locomotion
Animation Driven Locomotion for Smoother
Navigation (GDC 2012)
Bobby Anguelov
AI Programmer IO Interactive
Gabriel Leblanc
AI Programmer, Eidos
Shawn Harris
Senior Programmer, Big Huge Games

57. ‫میان‬‫افزارهای‬‫انیمیشن‬
• Natural Motion, Morpheme
• Autodesk, HumanIK
• RAD Game Tools, Granny
• Havok Animation/Behavior
• Chemical Games, Alienmotion

58. Animation Middleware - Alienmotion

59. • Game Engine Architecture, Jason Gregory
• Bisquid.se
• Game Programming Gems Series
• AI Game Programming Wisdom Series
• gamasutra.com
‫سایر‬‫منابع‬

60. ‫سوال؟‬
fassihi@fanafzar.com
@ahfassihi