Phylum Cryptophyta & Prymnesiophyta
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Phylum Cryptophyta describes tiny, motile, unicellular organisms with two slightly unequal flagella bearing lateral hairs. Prymnesiophyta are group of autotrophic, planktonic, binucleated flagellates characterized by the presence of a haptonema
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Phylum Cryptophyta & Prymnesiophyta
- 1. Phylum Cryptophyt & Prymnesiophyta Presented by: Fasama Hilton Kollie Lecturer, Department of Biology Mother Patern College of Health Sciences February 28, 2019
- 2. Lesson Outline • Overview of Phylum Cryptophyta • Overview of the Phylum Prymnesiophyta
- 3. Lesson Objectives • Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to; 1. Describe the basic characteristics of cryptomonads and haptophytes
- 4. Phylum Cryptophyta: Cryptomonads • Phylum Cryptophyta describes tiny, motile, unicellular organisms with two slightly unequal flagella bearing lateral hairs. • Consist of about 200 species • Other names: Cryptomonadales, Cryptophyceae, and Chromophyta
- 5. General Characteristics • Chlorophyll a, c and phycobilin • Found mainly both in freshwater and marine environment • Generally they are photosynthetic • Some heterotrophic and many Mixotrophic • The cryptomonads are part of the nanoplankton
- 6. General Characteristics • Cryptomonads also undergo algae bloom • This occur commonly in ocean water near the poles and in other locations, including Chesapeake Bay • Cryptomonads are biflagellate • One flagella with long hairs on both side and the other with short hair on only one side
- 7. General Characteristics • Inside the plasma membrane lies protein plates, Periplast; membrane plus plate • Contain chloroplast with chlorophyll a and c • Phycobillin server as accessory pigment • Combination of different pigments produce a range of colors from Yellow- Green to Blue, Red, or Brown
- 8. Cryptomonad
- 9. General Characteristics • Ejectisomes serve as their characteristic feature • It lines the cell periphery and the depression from which the flagella arise • Ejectisomes uncoil rapidly when released propelling the cell in opposite direction
- 10. Reproduction • Reproduction in cryptomonads is generally asexual in nature • Sexual reproduction has been documented in some Cryptophytes
- 12. Phylum Prymnesiophyta: Haptophytes • Group of autotrophic, planktonic, binucleated flagellates characterized by the presence of a haptonema • Consist of about 300 known species • Most haptophytes occur as solitary motile or non-motile forms
- 13. General Characteristics • Generally they are extremely small • Each cell has two disk-shaped chloroplasts and a number of golden-yellow plastids • Their cell surface is covered with small, flat scales in most species
- 14. Characteristics Cont’d… • Their definitive characteristics is their Haptonema • It’s a movable filament composed of three membranes surrounding seven microtubules • Haptonema is situated b/w two whiplash flagella
- 16. Reference • INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY, Nabors, Murray W., Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. • www.aw-bc.com • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei
- 17. → Nelson Mandela “ Education is the great engine of personal development. It is through education that the daughter of a peasant can become a doctor, that the son of a mineworker can become the head of the mine, that a child of farm workers can become the president of a great nation. It is what we make out of what we have, not what we are given, that separates one person from another.”
Hinweis der Redaktion
- This phylum speaks about single-cell eukaryotic organisms Biglagellated, unequal length Contain lateral hairs 12 general About 200 species Lest of both unicellular and aquatic species Greek krypto, - “Hiden”, and phyta – “Plant
- Brackish habitat Nanoplankton: Very small unicellular plankton,a t the limits of resolution of light microscope
- Most do have a chloroplast thought there are colourless forms Eg: Chilomonas
- Nucleomorph Reduced cell nucleus
- Ejectisomes serve as their characteristic feature Long, narrow strips of protein that are tightly coiled around the organism body If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in zig-zag course away from the disturbance
- Appendage that lies between two smooth, approximately equal flagella Marine habitat, predominatly
- They account for nearly 50% of photosynthesis 5 -50 micrometer The scale is made of cellulose or calcium carbonate called Coccoliths
- Haptonema is a Unique organelle, which is superficially similar to a flagellum but differs in the arrangement of microtubules and in its use. Comes from the Greek hapsis, “touch” nema, “thread” Haptonema Used to attach the cell to surface May help the cell avoid obstacles It is also used to attract and gather food (gelatinous nature) Cells of the haptophyte clump together to form gelatinous colonies The cells produce tightly, coiled chitinous filaments
- The best-known haptophytes are coccolithophores, which have an exoskeleton of calcareous plates called coccoliths Phaeocystic contains high concentration of compounds that absorb ultraviolet light Phaeocystic also releases into the atmosphere large quantities of dimethylsulfide A compound that serve as a nucleus for cloud condensation Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane organosulfur compound A new study has measured how particles and gases emitted by these creatures enter the atmosphere and become the seeds of clouds. The Southern Ocean is the cloudiest region on Earth, almost completely blanketed yearround Phytoplantkon – Dimethyl sulfide – H2SO4 – SO4 – Cloud condensation nuclei (Cloud seed) Asexual form of reproduction is dominant Sexual reproduction is also possible