The 4 per 1000 Initiative, general presentation, 2 years later

« 4 per 1000 » Africa Symposium
Johannesburg, 24-26th October 2018
With the support of
The « 4 per 1000 » Initiative,
General presentation
2 years later
Paul LUU, Executive Secretary
June 19th 2018

With the support of
A growing world population &
a growing impact on forest

With the support of
A (too) slowly decreasing
population of undernourished

With the support of
Evolution of the planet temperature
(1850 to 2015)
(Deviation from the average 1951-1980 in °C from CRU then NASA)

With the support of
Increase of atmospheric CO² from 1850 (ppm) Cumulated discharges since 1850 (Gt)
Human emissions of CO² &
concentration of CO² in the atmosphere since 1850 (NOA)

With the support of
Agriculture-related activities = 25% of
global greenhouse gas emissions
Source: IPCC WGIII - 2010
AFOLU:
Agriculture,
FOrestry
and
Land Use

With the support of
Importance of Land-Use Change (1)

With the support of
Importance of Land-Use Change (2)

With the support of
“Business as usual” (BAU)
agriculture emissions would
comprise ~50% of allowable
emissions to achieve a 2°C
world
Gt CO2 eq. per year
9 11
40
74
2010 2050
(Business as usual)
2050
(2°C target)
Non-agricultural
emissions
Agricultural and
agriculture-driven
land-use change
emissions
~50%
49
85
22

With the support of
Maize
T-Max
T-Max
Yield Yield
Rice
Climate drives yield
variation: our food
systems are sensitive
to climate,
not resilient to it

With the support of
As an introduction: some facts
• A growing population with a (too) slowly
decreasing number of undernourished
• An agriculture in the hot sea due to actions in
the other economic sectors to reduce GHG
emissions
• A need to adapt agriculture and forestry to
ongoing climate change

With the support of
From these facts, 3 guidelines for
action ….
• Act on GHG emissions (mitigation) at all level
including agriculture and forestry
• Adapt agriculture and forestry to climate change
• Ensure food security that will otherwise be strongly
impacted by climate change
… Through one support: Soils and
one action: carbon sequestration

With the support of
• To Contribute to food security & restore degraded soils
o Major role of soil organic matter in soil fertility
o Yields stability
o 30% world soils severely degraded (FAO - 2015)
Why storing C in soils?
• To Mitigate climate change
o Attenuate GHG emissions. OC can be stored in soils for
decades to millenia
o Low cost negative emission technology
• To Adapt to climate change
o Soil organic matter increases water retention capacity
by soils,
o decreases sensitivity to erosion

With the support of
Global Soil Organic Carbon Map
(GSOC map V1.2.0 – FAO-GSP 2018)

With the support of
4/1000 : where does it come from?
An annual increase of 4 ‰ of the world soil surface C stocks (860*0.004)
would nearly compensate the annual CO2 increase of the atmosphere

With the support of
Limits and feasability: practices
© FAO
© R.Cardinael
©agriculturedeconservation
© T. Chevallier
Rangeland management
Conservation
agriculture
Agroforestry
Water management
Integrated soil fertility
management
Organic
fertilization
Cover crops
Soil organic
carbon
CO 2
Annual 4 per 1000 increase locally attainable
Great variability of C storage rates (climate, soil..)
Limits : biomass availability, nutrients, water, soil…

With the support of
Soil C stocks of the world’s topsoil
(0 to 0.3 m) in t/ha

With the support of
Country Practice
Impact on soil C
(‰ year-1)
References
Benin
Crop residues
incorporation
6 to 8 Kenne et al. 2016
Ivory Coast
Compost
10 t ha-1 yr-1
21 to 23
(after 23 years)
Kenne et al. 2016
Cameroon
Acacia senegal
improved fallow
15
(after 15 years)
D’Andouss Kissi et
al. 2013
D. R. Congo
Acacia
auriculiformis
improved fallow
5.6
(after 22 years)
Bisiaux et al. 2009
Gond et al. 2016
France,
Mediterranean
zone
Wheat / walnut
agroforestry
associations
7
(after 18 years)
Cardinael et al.
2015a, b; 2017
E. Torquebiau et al., CIRAD
Some results according to pratices

With the support of
Results of COP21 in Paris
 Historical agreement: a solid foundation for international climate
action
 recognizing in its preamble the inclusive concept of “food
security”.
 Composed of 3 pillars, all including “agriculture and food
security”:
➢ The legal instrument of the agreement;
➢ Lima Paris Agenda for Action (LPAA);
➢ National contributions (iNDCs).
 LPAA supports and promotes 70 major international multi-
stakeholder initiatives for climate (on 12 topics) including 6 on
agriculture among which the “4 per 1000” Initiative.

With the support of
Paris declaration of intent:
• strengthen public policies, tools and actions
• maintain or enhance carbon stock in agricultural soils,
• encourage research programs to improve knowledge on soil-carbon
storage
• assess the performance of farming techniques and methods of restoring
degraded land
• support a participatory approach to build innovative solutions and their
adoption by means of training and education programs
• share projects, actions, experience and results
On December 1st 2015, more than
160 signatories of the declaration
of intent (31 countries)

With the support of
The 4°/oo Initiative
4 working axis organized in 2 parts
Action Plan
• A multi-stakeholder platform to facilitate
partnerships
• A tool to expertise and evaluate projects
based on a set of references and indicators
Scientific Program
• An international research and scientific
cooperation program
• A digital resources center on carbon in
soils

With the support of
Goals of the 4°/oo Initiative
Increase carbon sequestration in soils as organic
matter, for:
➢ increasing food security
➢ adapting agriculture to climatic changes
➢ mitigating climate change
Pursuing the objectives of sustainable development
adopted by the United Nations.

With the support of
Direct TARGETS
ASSOCIATED TARGETS
Safeguard TARGETS: help
Ex-ante assessment to
avoid harmful impacts
Land Tenure
HumanRight(righttofood,..)
Welfare,WellBeing
Targets of 4°/oo and SDGs
2016- JL Chotte - Ird

With the support of
Declaration of intent 2
(signed mainly in Marrakech)
to build an effective and inclusive governance through a
light structure without a legal personality with 4 bodies
Consultative &
collaborative Body
⇒ Forum of the Partners
Decision making Body ⇒ Consortium of Members
Scientific Body ⇒
Scientific and Technical
Committee
Executive Body ⇒ Executive Secretariat

With the support of
Forum of all the partners
Consultative and collaborative body including any
organization sharing the principles and objectives of the Initiative
The place to build partnerships and collaborations
Organized in colleges (figures 16th November 2017):
• States and provinces (39)
• International & regional organizations, development banks (15)
• Research / training institutes and universities (62)
• Agricultural producers organizations (35)
• Civil society and non-profit foundations (92)
• Private businesses (38)
At least one annual meeting + digital community

With the support of
Consortium of the members
Decision making body including any non-profit organizations
and partners without commercial goals, having signed the
Declaration of Intent of the initiative
Decisions on orientation, policy, working program, budget, set
of references for projects analysis and evaluation, etc.
Decisions by consensus
At least one annual meeting coinciding with the Forum + ad-
hoc meetings possible

With the support of
Scientific & Technical Committee
Scientific body composed of 14 internationally recognized
scientists, chosen by the Consortium upon proposal of the ES
Multidisciplinary group, with a balanced composition regarding
the regions of the world and gender issue
Each member has to produce regularly a declaration of interest.
Brings its scientific basis to the initiative
Several meetings per year.

With the support of
propose a set of reference criteria for the evaluation of
projects and actions founded on the principles and goals of the
Initiative, as well as on the SDGs;
formulate advice on projects, actions and programs;
formulate proposals for the orientations of the international
scientific research and cooperation program and for any
cross-cutting issue;
Define, produce and/or validate the documents published in
the resource center.

With the support of
• Dr. AMIRASLANI Farshad – Socio-eco natural resource management (Iran)
• Professor CHENU Claire – Soil scientist – soil organic matter (France)
• Dr. GARCIA CARDENAS Magali – Agroclimatology (Bolivia)
• Dr. KAONGA Martin – Agroforestry carbon biogeochemistry (Zambia)
• Dr. KOUTIKA Lydie-Stella – Soil scientist – soil organic matter (Rep of Congo)
• Dr. LADHA Jagdish – Soil fertility and plant nutrition (India)
• Dr. MADARI Beata – Soil scientist – C and N cycling (Brazil)
• Dr. RUMPEL Cornelia – Forester – terrestrial organic matter (Germany)
• Dr. SHIRATO Yasuhito – Agricultural and soil scientist (Japan)
• Professor SMITH Pete – Soils and global change (United Kingdom)
• Professor SOUDI Brahim – Agronomist – soil science (Morocco)
• Dr. SOUSSANA Jean-François – Plant physiologist (France)
• Dr. WHITEHEAD David – Crop physiologist – forestry (New Zealand)
• Dr. WOLLENBERG Lini – Natural resource management (USA)

With the support of
Countries where STC
members are coming from

With the support of
International Executive Secretariat
Executive body composed of 4 persons under the authority
of the Executive Secretary:
• Link with research program & Secretariat of the STC
• Animation, monitoring and support of projects
• Communication and website animation
• Assistant of the whole team
In charge of the:
• Implementation and coordination of the initiative
• Support for STC, Consortium, Forum and members
Human and financial resources to be provided by
volunteer members of the Initiative.
Hosted by CGIAR in Montpellier (France)

With the support of
Governance of the initiative

With the support of
How to become a partner or a member ?
Paris - 2015
Declaration of Intention to support
« 4 per 1000 » Initiative
Marrakesh - 2016
Declaration of Intention for the formation
of « 4 per 1000 » Initiative Consortium
Signing to become a
PARTNER
and participate to the FORUM
Signing to become a
MEMBER
and participate to the CONSORTIUM
(not open to commercial or for-profit organizations)

With the support of
Partners & Members
Members
Partners
Etc.

With the support of
FORUM partners
281 (+ 62) signatories of the Paris Declaration
Including 39 (+3) countries and provinces,11 (+1)
international organizations, 10 (+5) foundations and
development banks, 88 (+17) NGos, 62 (+13) research
bodies & Universities, 35 (+4) Farmers organizations and
36 (+19) enterprises
Partners & Members (Nov. 2017 + pending)
CONSORTIUM Members
Already 149 (+28) signatories of the
Declaration of Intention n°2
Chair : Dr. Ibrahim MAYAKI (ES NEPAD)
Vice-Chair : Mr. Stephane LE FOLL
(ex - Min. Agriculture – France)

With the support of
Main deliverables since 2016
• Installation of the Executive Secretariat
• Adoption by the Consortium upon the STC proposal of:
• a set of reference criteria for the evaluation of
projects and actions
• orientations of the international scientific
research and cooperation program
• Opening of the website « 4 per 1000 »
• Opening of the collaborative platform
• Adoption of a communication plan
• Development of cooperation on SCS

With the support of
Set of reference criteria for evaluation of projects & actions
Criteria, indicators, methods and units
Soil carbon and land conservation or restoration Food security
Mitigation
AdaptationSafeguards

With the support of
Finalization via the work of a Task force
Default methodology elaborated by STC
TASK FORCE
Project Holders
(CARI, AVSF, TNC, RI, APAD)
Funders
(AFD, The GEF, WB, Mirova –LND fund)
STC (Chair and 3 members) + Exc. Sec. + 2 extern. experts
MEETING
(1st March)
MEETING
(9th March)
FINAL MEETING
(16th March)
Conclusions &
Recommendations

With the support of
Conclusions & Recommendations of the Task Force
• Recommendations to the STC to continue its work taking into account the following :
❖ To improve the set of indicators concentrating mainly in SOC sequestration, but
without forgetting other criteria.
❖ To find a system to allow self-assessment of projects by stakeholders to reduce
costs and time.
❖ To concentrate to contribute to create better projects in the line of 4p1000.
❖ to consider the usefullness of the assessment to the funders
• “Expert opinion/assessment” instead of a “4p1000” label to start.
• Elaboration of a questionnaire to the project holders in order to collect and sort the
necessary information for the assessment of the project, in addition to all available
documents. Questionnaire to be sent to Task Force for consultation.
• Finalization of a procedure for assessment of projects to be sent to the Task Force
for consultation

With the support of
Draft procedure for project assessment
Steps Project Holder Executive Secretary Team of reviewers
Announcement of the call for
submission for assessment
Submission
Administrative revision of
submissions
request for revised
documents (if appl.)
Revision of submission
Revised submission
(if appl.)
Assignation to reviewers and
acceptance
Assignation to the
team of reviewers
Deadline for review First version of report
Checking of review report Checking request for additionnal review
(if appli.)
Submission of review report Final version of report
Communication of final report Communication of
final report

With the support of
1st Pillar: Estimating the potential of soil carbon
sequestration and associated benefits
2nd Pillar: Developing practices adapted to specific soil
and climate conditions
3rd Pillar: Define and strengthen the enabling
environment
4th Pillar: Monitoring, reporting and verification
of soil carbon
The Four pillars of the
International Research and Scientific Cooperation Program

With the support of
www.4p1000.org

With the support of
The Collaborative Platform

With the support of
Meetings Dates Place Country
STC n°2 24th & 25th March Rome Italy
STC n°3 28th June Montpellier France
Consortium n°2 29th & 30th June Montpellier France
STC n°4 14th & 15th November Bonn Germany
Forum n°2 16th November Bonn Germany
Consortium n°3 16th November Bonn Germany
Meetings of the Initiative in 2017
COP 13 UNCCD 4th to 15th September Ordos Inner Mongolia - China
Event under « 4 per
1000 » auspices
13th to 15th October Montréal Canada
COP 23 UNFCCC 16th November Bonn Allemagne

With the support of

With the support of
Future Policy Vision Award 2017
Ordos (Inner Mongolia – China) 12th September 2017
During COP 13 UNCCD - High Level Segment Reception

With the support of
From 2018: Time for action !
• Elaborating and promoting good practices in
the field with and from farmers
• Encouraging, evaluating and finding funds for
projects at different scales with all partners
using the collaborative platform
• Accompanying countries and regions in the
elaboration and implementation of policies.
• Organizing regional meetings
• Etc.

With the support of
Continental Sequestration of
Carbon
1st and 2nd February Montpellier France
Soils & Climate: from hidden
depths to center stage ?
8th February London UK
World Sustainable Development
Summit 2018
14th to 17th March New Delhi India
STC Meeting n°5 5 to 7th June Madrid Spain
Soil Health Event 19th June Washington DC USA
G20 Agriculture 28th July Buenos Aires Argentina
World Congress of Soil Science 12th to 17th August Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Global Climate Action Summit 12th to 14th September San Francisco USA
5th International Rice Congres 15th to 17th October Singapore Singapore
“4 per 1000” Africa Symposium 24th to 26th October Johannesburg South Africa
STC Meeting n°6 & 2nd « 4 per
1000 » Initiative Day
11th -12th and 13th
December
Katowice Poland
International meetings identified as priority
for the Initiative in 2018

With the support of
Thank you for your attention….

The 4 per 1000 Initiative, general presentation, 2 years later

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The 4 per 1000 Initiative, general presentation, 2 years later