This document outlines the key steps in the research methodology process: 1) Define the problem and review relevant literature; 2) Formulate testable hypotheses based on observations, reflection, and deduction; 3) Design the research by determining information needs, exploratory and descriptive phases, and data collection methods. The steps also include 4) Collecting primary data through methods like surveys, interviews, and questionnaires and secondary data from other studies; 5) Analyzing the collected data using tools like coding and analysis instruments; and 6) Interpreting and reporting the findings.

1. Research and its
Methodology
By Dr.Ved Nath Jha
1.Define the Problem of Research
2.Review the literature
3.Formulate Hypothesis
4.Design Research
5.Collect Data
6.Analyze Data
7.Interpret And Report

2. Clarify the problem on following basis
• States of nature
• Relationship between variables

3. Choosing a research topic
1.Criteria
Clarity
Data recollection
2.Needed elements
Viability
Justification Objectives

4. Development of Working Hypothesis •
According to Coffey – “A hypothesis is an attempt at explanation,
a provisional supposition made in order to explain scientifically some facts or
phenomenon.”
Sources of Hypothesis
• Observation
• Reflection
• Deduction

5. Development of Working Hypothesis
• Induction by Simple Enumeration
• Method of Agreement
• Analogy
Characteristic of a good hypothesis
• Non-Contradictoriness
• Definite and Clear
• Verifiable and Simple

6. Preparing the Research Design
1. Defining the information needed.
2. Designing the exploratory, descriptive, and casual phases of the
research.
3. Specifying the measurement and scaling procedures.
4. Constructing and pretesting a questionnaire or any other for data
collection.
5. Developing a plan of data analysis.

7. Collecting the Data
• Primary Data • By observation • Personal Interview • Telephone Interviews • Mailing
Questionnaires •
Secondary Data
• Surveys by other researchers • Surveys by Govt. etc.

8. Data recollection Trustworthy and valid
Process
1.Apply Process like Coding-decoding
2.Prepare analysis Instruments as Focus groups, interviews, observation,
surveys and questionnaires, scale of values

9. Analysis of Data
Interpretation

10. Thanksgiving

11. Note:-Methodology of
research changes as per
demand of research