Urbanization is one of human impact on the earth systems. Several studies have shown that inadequate planning of urban land use in Nigeria and great intensity of use has exacerbated urban problems, one of it is the urban heat island. In Enugu municipal, It is therefore realistic and indispensable to examine the urban heat island and other weather impacts of urbanization.

1. GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OFURBANIZATION
IMPACT ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE
IN ENUGU URBANAND ITS ENVIRONS,
NIGERIA
By
IKWUEZE UCHENNA HUMPHREY
JUNE 2023

2. INTRODUCTION
• Climate change is one of the most critical challenges that the
world faces. Previous studies have reported that climate
change has a significant effect on the land surface temperature
and its other parameters.
• The expansion of urban areas is considered a significant factor
for the change in land use and land surface temperature.
• Previous studies show that, urban growth and climate change
including temperature change are serious problems resulting
from economic and social development.
• Therefore, it is vital to investigate ways to predict change in
land surface temperature (LST) change.

3. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
• Urbanization is one of human impact on the earth
systems.
• Several studies have shown that inadequate planning
of urban land use in Nigeria and great intensity of use
has exacerbated urban problems, one of it is the
urban heat island.
• In Enugu municipal, It is therefore realistic and
indispensable to examine the urban heat island and
other weather impacts of urbanization.

4. AIM AND OBJECTIVES
• The aim of this project is to analyze the impact of
urbanization on land surface temperature in Enugu and its
environs in a view to monitoring local climate changes
adaptations.
• to analyze the variation in the land use-land cover dynamics in
the study area from 2000 to 2023;
• to determine the effect of land surface temperature in the study
area;
• to identify the relationship between urbanization and Land
surface temperature in the study area and estimate the heat
intensity between the urban and rural area.

5. RESEARCH QUESTION
• What is the spatial trend of land use-land cover in Enugu and
its environs between 2000 and 2023?
• What are the influences of land surface temperature in Enugu
and its environs?
• What is the relationship between urbanization and land
surface temperature in Enugu and its environs?

6. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
• Determining the impacts of urbanization process, land
use/land cover change to land surface temperature of Enugu
metropolitan area.
• Helping people understanding the impact of urbanization on
urban temperature environment/urban heat island
phenomenon.
• The project is a reference source for researchers, urban
managers and planners in sustainable urban development.

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
• Ayuba, (2015) suggests the advantage of remote sensing as an
effective method for assessing and understanding spatial
characteristics and dynamic changes of urban thermal
environment.
• Nwilo et al. (2012) identify temperature as an important
component of the climate. The trend in temperature change in
Nigeria is not consistent. The research quoted that Changes in
temperature appear to be closely related to concentrations of
atmospheric carbon dioxide.

8. METHODOLOGY
S/N
o
Data Type Date
acquired
Resolution/S
cale
Sources Purpose
Secondary Data Sources
1 Landsat 7 TM 2000 30 M USGS Determination of different land
use and land cover of the area
2 Landsat 7
ETM+
2013 30 M (void
filled)
USGS “
3 Landsat 8
OLI
2023 30 M USGS “
4 EMCWF data “
5 SRTM 2023 30 M (void
filled)
USGS Determination of drainage
basin Comparison with
Landsat LST data
Primary Data Sources
S/N
o
Data Type Date
acquire
d
Resolution/Sc
ale
Sources Purpose
7 GPS data N/A x, y (Lat, long) Field
survey
Mapping of questionnaire
samples and areas with high
temperature values.
8 Local
knowledge
data
N/A N/A Interviews Variables of anthropogenic
disturbances

9. WORK FLOW DIAGRAM

10. EXPECTED RESULT
• Land use changes in Enugu between (2000 – 2023)
• Statistical Analysis on Land use/cover Classification of Enugu
• Changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between
(2000 – 2023)
• Changes in Normalized Difference built-up Index (NDBI) between (2000 –
2023)
• the LST information within Enugu Metropolis
• Residence Response Mechanism to be derived using questionnaire.
• Skin Temperature from ERA-Interim Reanalysis Data SKIN TEMP
between (2000 – 2023)
• Correlation Coefficient values of Derived LST and estimated LST for each
year.
• Relationship between NDVI and LST
• Relationship between NDBI and LST
• Relationship between LST and Land Use Land cover to Observed UHI
• Relationship between Rural LST and Urban LST

11. REFERENCE
• Ayuba, Z. (2015). Analysis of Urban Heat Island, in Kaduna Metropolis
Using Remote Sensing Techniques. MSc Dissertation; Department of
Geography, Faculty of Science, School of Postgraduate Studies, Kaduna
State University, Kaduna. Nigeria.
• Nwilo, P. C., Olayinka D. N., Obiefuna J (2012) Determination of Land
Surface Temperature (LST) And Potential Urban Heat Island Effect in Parts
of Lagos State using Satellite Imageries.
• Ogunjobi, K.C., Lim, H.S., MatJafri, M.Z., and Abdullah, K., (2018).
Landsat data to evaluate urban expansion and determine land use/land
cover change in Penang Island, Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences,
60, 1509-1521.

12. THANKS
FOR
LISTENING