Szirmay Rókus Director

1. 1. Rokus Szirmay Director
Siemens:
Heat degradation (pyrolysis) is the chemical degradation of organic waste in a properly designed
reactor, under heat conditions, oxygen-rich or oxygen-free media under controlled conditions.
During the dissolution, various products of organic waste are produced: pyrolysis gas: liquid
product (oil, tar, degradation water containing organic acids); a solid final product is formed.
(Pyrolysis coke). Their composition, proportion and volume depend on the composition of the
treated waste, the reactor's operating conditions and structural solution. Heat dissipation can be
carried out at various temperatures:
• low and medium temperature procedures (450 to 600 ° C);
• high temperature procedures (800-1100 ° C);
• high-temperature decomposing procedures ( 1200 ° C).≺
• The final product resulting from the pyrolysis is primarily used as an energy carrier (heating gas,
fuel oil, coke), less commonly used as secondary chemical raw materials (eg gas product converted
to synthesis gas for methanol production) and occasionally for other purposes (soil repair with solid,
carbon rich residues; .) can be utilized.
• During pyrolysis, the reaction conditions of the chemical transformation are decisive
• temperature; • heating time and reaction time;
• grain and / size pieces;
• degree and efficiency of mixing.
• The temperature and temperature of the final product are determined by the temperature and
temperature of the product, usually 450-550 ° C.
• The reactors can be in the heating mode:
• indirect (through reactor space or circulation medium) and • direct heating.
• The advantages of pyrolysis: • the solid residues can be processed differently after water-bath
separation;

2. • available aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are produced;
• the air pollutant effect is significantly lower than that of incineration.
• Disadvantages of pyrolysis:
• Increased material preparation;
• In the lower temperature processes, gas cleaning is more complex and more complicated;
• the mostly heavily soiled wash water resulting from this process should also be thoroughly
cleaned;
• there is a greater chance of combustion than the combustion of difficult-to-decomplete and
incomplete combustion products;
• "breakthrough" in urban and health hazardous waste management is the serial link between the
reductive and oxidative processes, the development and application of process control systems.
▪ The 4 most typical pyrolysis technologies
1.Siemens procedure
• This process is a combination of pyrolysis and subsequent high temperature combustion.
• Solid municipal and industrial waste shredded at 150-200 mm is pyrolyzed at 450-500 ° C.
• The resulting pyrolysis gases are directly introduced into the high temperature (approx. 1300 ° C)
combustion chamber without further treatment.
• The solid pyrolysis residue is screened and the metals are separated. Experience has shown that
parts smaller than 5 mm contain virtually all of the glue coke.
• This is milled and is also fed to the high temperature combustion chamber.
• After the heat recovery (steam or electricity production), the flue gas is cleaned in a complex
system similar to the waste incinerators.
• Sludge mists are stored after water bath cooling.
• The advantage of this process is that combustion of gas and fine-milled pyrolysis is burnt in the
combustion chamber with low (20-30%) air over conventional incineration.
2. Lurgi procedure
• This technology of pyrolysis differs from the former mainly in the front thermal exploration unit
where a circulating fluid bed furnace is used.
• The energy required for pyrolysis is ensured by partial combustion of gas and pyrolysis, so the
fluid bed acts as a separate gasifier.
• The circulated fluidizing medium is driven over a heating bed where the steam produced in the
boiler is overheated (efficiency gains).
• Fluidize the heating bed with the combustion air, so the incinerator end does not cause chlorine
corrosion. The firing of gas and solid carbon and the cleaning of the tail gas are similar to those of
the previous procedure.
3. Noell process
• For this technology, the thermal exploration of solid waste is done in an indirectly heated rotary
drum reactor, after shredding at 450-550 ° C.
• The pyrolysis coke is cooled dry, the metal content is separated and then transferred to the flow-
through gasification reactor after grinding.
• Pyrolysis gases are cooled by rapid cooling, condensable hydrocarbons are discharged and are also
led into the reactor.
• All residues of the pyrolysis are gasified. In the flow gasifier, partial oxidation takes place using
oxygen at a slag tempering temperature of 2-35 bar overpressure.
• The end gas is cooled and cleaned. The gas pre-cleaned with cooling water cools down and is
discharged from the sulfur content in the gas cleaner, and the recovered elemental sulfur can be
sold. The solid melt is cooled in water bath and further utilized.

3. • Wastewater from the gas cleaner is raw gas