Sound, video and motion picture film recordings
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Considerations for digitising sound, video and motion picture film recordings, presented at Digital collecting 27 May 2019
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Sound, video and motion picture film recordings
- 1. Sound, Video and Motion Picture Film Recordings Damien Cassidy Digital Media Technical Analyst 27 May 2019
- 2. This session will introduce you to some fundamentals of digitising legacy audio-visual media. Cummings and Wilson projector : PXE 789 (v.56) Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales Session Overview Introduction to Audio-Visual Carriers Identification and Assessment Care and Handling Reformatting a/k/a Digitisation Post Digitisation (QC) The End
- 4. Introduction to Audio-Visual Carriers Sound Recordings Video Recordings Motion Picture Film Radio Publication Job From the collection of the State Library of NSW
- 6. Recordable Magnetic Tape Cassette Tapes • Compact Cassettes • Mostly one format (can be 4-track or ½ speed) • Usually one type of machine is sufficient • Micro Cassettes • Usually one type of machine is sufficient • Mini Cassettes • Different size, different machine though one type of machine is sufficient
- 7. Recordable Magnetic Tape Open Reel • Many formats in one type of tape due to • track configuration and playback speed. • A few other variables such as EQ. • Requires a variety of playback machines. • If not labelled, pretty much impossible to tell from looking
- 8. Recordable Magnetic Tape DAT • Standard format with variable Sample Rate. • Only Some machines/tapes support low sample rate • Usually one type of machine is sufficient
- 10. Recordable Magnetic Tape VHS • Consumer • Mostly one format (can be PAL/NTSC/½ speed – Hi-Fi) • Usually one type of machine is sufficient Betamax • Consumer • Mostly one format (can be PAL/NTSC/– Hi-Fi) • Usually one type of machine is sufficient
- 11. Recordable Magnetic Tape U-Matic • Professional • Mostly one format (can PAL/NTSC/– HI-FI) • Usually one type of machine is sufficient Betacam (SP) • Professional format • Mostly one format (can PAL/NTSC) • Usually one type of machine is sufficient Digital Betacam (SP) a/k/a DigiBeta • Professional format • Mostly one format (can PAL/NTSC) • Usually one type of machine is sufficient Many DigiBeta machines can playback standard Betacam
- 12. Motion Picture Film Carriers
- 13. Motion Picture Film Many production components created in the production of a film. Prints are usually • 35mm • 16mm • 8mm Can be positive or negative Can run at a variety of speeds (frames per second a/k/a fps) During production the soundtrack is on separate magnetic media
- 15. • AV formats require machines to play them back • Generally, each format requires a specific machine • The machines are no longer manufactured or supported • The people who maintain them are no longer manufactured or supported • Digitisation is imperative to the sustainability of the content held on AV formats
- 16. Identification and Assessment Sound, Video and Motion Picture Film Recordings
- 17. Identification and Assessment Primary Sources Associated Paperwork Labels on the Carrier Carrier Format Identification Guides Auditioning or Viewing
- 18. Online Format Identification Guides • obsoletemedia.org • psap.library.illinois.edu/collection-id-guide
- 20. Identification and Assessment NEED TO KNOW - Broad format category - Compact Cassette - ¼” Open Reel - VHS etc… NICE TO KNOW - Playback Speed/FPS - Track arrangements - Colour/B&W - EQ - NTSC/PAL/SECAM - etc… Some of these may inhibit the ability to playback but generally are variations of configuration of equipment. Broad categories will define the ability to playback a carrier with the correct equipment.
- 21. Identification and Assessment NEED TO KNOW… PHYSICAL CONDITION - Digitisation Impacts - Ability - Quality - Timeframes - Cost
- 23. Care and Handling Sound, Video and Motion Picture Film Recordings
- 24. Storage Avoid • Heat • Humidity • Liquids • Dirt, dust, and particulates • Light • Mould and fungus • Pollutants and contaminants
- 25. Handling Avoid • Handling portions of the media where the signal is recorded without appropriate gloves • Putting weight on the media • Leaving media unhoused • Using machine transports that are not functioning properly • Using machine transports that have not been properly calibrated and aligned
- 26. Shipping • Packed to minimise vibration, shifting and shock • Fluctuations in Temperature and Humidity can cause significant damage. • Insulation is required
- 27. Reformatting a/k/a Digitisation Sound, Video and Motion Picture Film Recordings
- 28. Reformatting a/k/a Digitisation PLAYBACK MACHINE SIGNAL PROCESSING ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERTER ENCODER PRESERVATION MASTER ACCESS COPY WORKING COPY TRANSCODER
- 29. Metadata • Unique Identifier • Equipment used • Settings applied
- 30. Post-Digitisation Sound, Video and Motion Picture Film Recordings
- 31. Quality Control • Watch and listen to a sample set • Where issues are found try and isolate: • vendor • operator • equipment • Is the content what you expect?
- 32. Sound, Video and Motion Picture Film Recordings Damien Cassidy 27 May 2019 Photography by Joy Lai & Gene Ramirez