The document discusses different types of control constructs in programming. There are two main types: decision making statements and looping statements. Decision making statements include if, if-else, and nested if-else statements which allow for conditional execution of code. Looping statements like for, while, and do-while loops allow code to repeat execution for a set number of iterations or as long as a condition remains true. Examples are provided for each type of control construct.

1. CONTROL CONSTRUCTS

2. Control Constructs
Control constructs are of two types
1. DECISION MAKING STATEMENTS
2.LOOPING STATEMENTS

3. Control constructs are
Decision making statements
1. If statement
2.If else statement
3. Nested if else statement
4.Switch case
Looping statements
5.For loop
6.While loop
7.Do while loop

4. If statement:
if (condition)
statement;
or
if (condition)
{
compound statement;
}

5. Example of if statement:
int i;
printf ("Type in an integer");
scanf ("%ld", &i);
if (i == 0)
{
printf ("The number was zero");
}
if (i > 0)
{
printf ("The number was positive");
}
if (i < 0)
{
printf ("The number was negative");
}

6. If else statement:
if (condition)
statement1;
Else
statement2;
Or
if (condition)
{
statements1 ;
}
Else
{
statements2 ;
}
If - else
? else
if

7. Example of if-else statement:
int i;
scanf ("%d",i);
if (i > 0)
{
printf ("That number was positive!");
}
else
{
printf ("That number was negative or zero!");
}

8. Nested if else
statement:
if ((cond.) && (cond.))
{
statement;
}
OR
if (cond.)
{
if (cond.)
{
statement;
}
}

9. Example of nested-if statement:
if ((i > 2) && (i < 4))
{
printf ("i is three");
}
or:
if (i > 2)
{
if (i < 4)
{
printf ("i is three");
}
}

10. SWITCH & BREAK
switch (integer value)
{
case 1: statement1;
break;
/* optional line */
case 2: statement2;
break;
/* optional line */
....
default: default
statement
break;
/* optional line */
}
Switch case statement: