1. Guided by:
Prof. :Surajit Pattanaik

2.  MADHUSMITA SHIAL 1321298010
 PRAKASH KUMAR 1201298038
 SUSHREE ANANYA PATTANAIK 1321298006
 ITSHREE JOGOMAYA PATTNAIK 1321298002
 SASMITA PATRA 1321298009
1

3. 1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. BACK GROUND OF THE TOPIC
4. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
5. TEST PROCEDURE
6. TEST RESULT
7. CONCLUSION

4. Concrete occupies unique position among the
modern construction materials, Concrete is a
material used in building construction, consisting
of fine and coarse aggregates, that is bond by
cement and water. experimental investigation
carried out to study the effects of Ground
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on
strength development of concrete and the
optimum use of slag in concrete .compressive &
tensile strength of the concrete specimens were
determined at curing age of 7, 28 days.

5. 1. OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)
2. PLAIN CONCRETE
3. PSC (Portland Slag Cement)
4. GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnaces Slag Cement)
5. SLAG CONCRETE

6.  Concrete is commonly used in building & other important
engineering work where strength & durability is of prime
importance.
 Slag is the most consistent cementitious material which has
more durable & long service life.
 It also reduces the maintenance cost & required less energy to
produce slag than the Portland cement.
 It is to present that the finely GGBS can be used as a partial
substitute of Portland cement to make concrete with satisfactory
material properties similar to that shown by normal concrete.

7. CONCRETE & ITS USE:
 The cement concrete in which no reinforcement is
provided is called plain cement or mass cement concrete.
 This type of concrete is strong in taking compressive
stresses but weak in taking tensile stresses.
 Plain cement concrete is commonly used in for foundation
work & flooring of building.
 It is vitally important to develop products and systems that
can be used to construct more durable, energy-efficient
eco-buildings, and concrete can be used to do just this

8.  Following are the
different grade of
concrete
M10 = 1:3:6
M15 = 1:2:4
M20 = 1:1.5:3
M25 = 1:1:2

9. ABOUT SLAG
 Slag is a waste product in the manufacturing process of pig-
iron & it content the basic element of cement namely alumina,
lime &silica.
 As the slag is obtain from blast furnaces thus it is called blast
furnaces slag.
 Portland cement concrete with blast furnaces slag as the course
aggregate is known as slag concrete.
 Slag cement often called ground granulated blast furnaces slag
is one of the most consistent cementitious material used in
concrete.

10. BENEFIT OF SLAG CONCRETE
 Slag concrete is also known as ground granulated blast
furnaces slag(GGBS) .
 It improves the durability of concrete.
 Reducing water permeability.
 Increase the corrosion resistance.
 Increase the sulphate resistance.
 The improve properties can extend the service life of
structure .
 Reduce the overall maintenance cost.
 It increases the setting time of concrete.
 It prevents the formation of “cold joint” .

11. ENVERONMENTAL BENEFIT
 Reducing greenhouse gas by eliminating approximately one ton
of carbon dioxide.
 Reducing energy consumption ,since a ton of slag cement
requires nearly 90% less energy to produce that a ton of Portland
cement .
 Reducing the “urban heat island” effect by making concrete
lighter in colour .

13.  SETTING OF CONCRETE: The hardening of concrete before
its hydration is known as setting of concrete. Or the transition
process of concrete from plastic state to hardened state.
 WORKABILITY: Workability is often referred to as the ease
with which a concrete can be transported, placed & consolidated
without excessive bleeding or segregation.
(i)bleeding
(ii)segregation

14. o HYDRATION:
The water causes the hardening of concrete
through a process called hydration .
Hydration is a chemical reaction in which the
major compounds in cement form chemical
bonds with water molecules and become
hydrates or hydration products.

15.  COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH: Compressive
strength is the maximum compressive stress
that, under a gradually applied load, a given
solid material can sustain without fracture.
 TENSILE STRENGTH: The tensile strength is
one of the basic and important properties of the
concrete. The concrete is not usually expected
to resist the direct tension because of its low
tensile strength and brittle nature.

16.  ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT:
 The product obtained by pulverising clinker consisting
essentially of proportioned mixture of argillaceous materials
until it approaches fusion,along with 2% to 5% of gypsum is
generally called Ordinary Portland cement.
a) FINENESS
b) SOUNDNESS
c) SETTING TIME

17. Step I:-Determine the physical properties of concrete ingredients.
I. CEMENT (OPC 43 grade)----For plain concrete.
SL.
NO
.
Particulars of test Result Specifications as per
IS: 8112-1976
1 Standard Consistency
(% by weight)
30%
2 Setting Time in minutes
(a)Initial
(b)final
95
210
30 minimum
600 maximum
3 Compressive Strength in N/Sq. mm
At the age of
(a) 7 days
(b) 28 days
35
46
33 minimum
43 minimum
4 Specific Gravity 3.13

18. Step I:-Determine the physical properties of concrete ingredients.
I. CEMENT (OPC 43 grade)----For slag concrete.
SL.
NO.
Particulars of test Result Specifications as
per IS:455-1989
1 Standard Consistency
(% by weight)
34%
2 Setting Time in minutes
(a)Initial
(b)final
30 min.
600min.
30 minimum
600 maximum
3 Compressive Strength in N/Sq. mm
At the age of
(a) 7 days
(b) 28 days
25mpa
36mpa
22 minimum
33minimum
4 Specific Gravity 3.83

19. II. FINE AGGREGATE
1. Sieve Analysis
2. Specific Gravity : 2.74
Sieve size % Passing Specification for Zone-II
As per Is:383-1970
4.75 mm 99.8 90-100
2.36mm 99.2 85-100
1.18mm 93 75-100
600 micron 83 60-79
300 micron 36.8 12-40
150 micron 1.4 0-10
75 micron 0.4 _
pan 0.2 _

20. III. 20mm Coarse Aggregate
1. Sieve Analysis
2. Specific Gravity :2.73
Sieve Analysis % Passing SpecificationsAs per
IS:383-1970
Graded Single
Sized
40.00mm 100 100 100
20.00mm 90 95-100 85-100
10.00mm 3 25-55 0-20
4.75mm 0 0-10 0-5

21.  Step II:-Compute Target Mean Compressive Strength
1. Ft = Fck + t * S
2. Ft = Target mean Compressive Strength at 28 days in N/Sq.mm
3. Fck = Characteristic Compressive Strength at 28days in N/Sq.mm
4. S = Standard deviation in N/Sq.mm
5. t = A Statistic, depending on accepted propertion of low result
= 1.6 for 1 in 20 accepted propertion of low result
Ft = 30 + (1.6*5)
= 38.25mpa

22.  Assumed Standard deviation (table 8, IS:456-2000)
Grade of Concrete Assumed Standard Deviation(N/Sq.mm)
Good Site control Fair Site Control
M10,M15 3.5 4.5
M20,M15 4.0 5.0
M30,M35,M40,M50 5.0 6.0

23.  Step III:-Select the Water-cement ratio of trial mix from
experience
Sl. No. Concrete grade Minimum expected W/C
1 M10 0.9
2 M15 0.7
3 M20 0.55
4 M25 0.50
5 M30 0.45
6 M35 0.40
7 M40 0.35
8 M45 0.30

24.  Step IV:- Select the water content per cubic meter of concrete
from table-2 of I.S:10262-2009
Maximum size of aggregate(mm) Water content per cubic meter of
concrete(kg)
10 208
20 186
40 165

25.  Approximate water content(kg)per cubic meter of concrete(table 32,SP:23-1982)
Slump(mm) Maximum Size of aggregate (mm)
10 20 40
30-50 205 185 160
80-100 225 200 175
150-180 240 210 185

26.  Volume of course aggregate per unit volume of total
aggregate(table 3,IS:10262-2009)
Maximum size of
aggregate (mm)
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total
aggregate
Zone IV Zone III Zone II Zone I
10 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44
20 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60
40 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69

27. For plain concrete (OPC) Cement = Water/(w/c) ratio
= 197/0.45 =438 kg.
For slag concrete (OSC) Cement = Water/(w/c) ratio
= 197/0.45 = 438 kg.

28.  Va = 1-(v+(C/(Sc*1000))+(W/1000))
 Vfa = pVa
 Vca = (1-p)*Va
 Cfa = (Sfa * 1000)Vfa
 Cca = (Sca * 1000) Vca
Where:
Va = volume of aggregate
Vfa = volume of fine aggregate
Vca = volume of coarse aggregate
Cfa = mass of fine aggregate
Cfa = mass of fine aggregate

29.  So the mix proportion works for plain concrete
W: C: Cfa :Cca
= 197:438:553:1202
= 0.45 : 1 : 1.26 : 2.74 (by mass)

30.  So the mix proportion works for slag concrete
W: C: Cfa :Cca
= 197 : 438 : 622 : 1207
= 0.45 : 1 : 1.42 : 2.76 ( by mass)

31.  Step VII :- Make Slump trial to find out the actual weight of
water to get required slump . Make correction to the water content and
%FA, if required .
WORKABILITY TEST
CONCRETE W/C RARIO SLUMP VALUE
(in mm)
AVERAGE
(in mm)
PLAIN
CONCRETE
0.45 80
750.45 75
0.45 68
SLAG
CONCRETE
0.45 10
6.330.55 9
0.45 0

32.  Step VIII :- Compute 2 more trial mixes with W/C
ratio as 0.45 & 0.50 taking %FA as 34% and 38%
respectively.
 Step IX :- Cast at least 2 cubes for each trial mix.
 Step X :- Test the cubes for compressive strength
at 7 days & 28 days.
 Step XI :-Draw a graph between compressive
strength Vs C/W ratio.

33.  Compressive strength test
CONCRETE 7 DAYS
(in mpa )
28 DAYS
( in mpa )
PLAIN CONCRETE
24.88
26.67
28.44
SLAG CONCRETE 21.79
23.04
32.69
32.9
24.29 33.22

34.  Split tensile strength
CONCRETE 7 DAYS
(in mpa )
28 DAYS
( in mpa )
PLAIN CONCRETE
SLAG CONCRETE 1.59
1.65
3.12
3.041.72 2.96

35. Time in days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
PLAIN CONCRETE
SLAG CONCRETE

36. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
3 DAYS 7 DAYS 28 DAYS
PLAIN CONCRETE
SLAG CONCRETE
TIME IN DAYS

39. Based on the result of the investigation
conducted on different between plain & slag
concrete. We found that slag( Portland Slag
Cement) concrete have higher compressive &
tensile strength compared with plain(Ordinary
Portland Cement)concrete .Improved strength
make it easier to achieve specified safety factor
of the concrete mixture & can provide engineer
with tool to optimise concrete element.