This document summarizes research on developing geopolymer concrete as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. It describes how fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is produced by chemically activating fly ash with an alkaline solution, binding aggregates into a paste. The results showed how parameters like GGBS content and activator dosage affected concrete properties. Future research needs on geopolymer reinforced concrete were also identified.

1. S.NAVEEN
M-TECH ( STRUCTURES)
13331D8714

2. Under Guidance of Dr. P.Markandaya Raju Professor

3. Composition : GGBS
Fly Ash
Silica Fume
Granite Dust
Ferro Crome
Activators : Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium
Silicate

4. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, efforts are
needed to develop environmentally friendly construction
materials.
This paper presents the development of fly ash-based
geopolymer concrete.
In geopolymer concrete, a by-product material rich in
silicon and aluminum, such as low-calcium (ASTM C 618
Class F) fly ash, is chemically activated by a high-
alkaline solution to form a paste that binds the loose
coarse and fine aggregates, and other unreacted
materials in the mixture.
The test results presented in this paper show the effects
of various parameters on the properties of geopolymer
concrete.
The application of geopolymer concrete and future
research needs are also identified.

5.  This article is a development of the main
article Geopolymer. From a terminological
point of view, geopolymer cement is a
binding system that hardens at room
temperature, like regular Portland cement. If
a geopolymer compound requires heat
setting it may not be called
geopolymer cement but rather geopolymer
binder.

6.  Geopolymer cement is an innovative
material and a real alternative to
conventional Portland cement for use in
transportation infrastructure, construction
and offshore applications. It relies on
minimally processed natural materials or
industrial byproducts to significantly reduce
its carbon footprint, while also being very
resistant to many of the durability issues that
can plague conventional concretes

7.  The categories comprise:
 Slag-based geopolymer cement.
 Rock-based geopolymer cement.
 Fly ash-based geopolymer cement
› type 1: alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer.
› type 2: slag/fly ash-based geopolymer cement.
 Ferro-sialate-based geopolymer cement.

10.  It is the process of combining many small
molecules known as oligomers into a
covalently bonded network. The geo-chemical
syntheses are carried out through oligomers
(dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer) which are
believed to contribute to the formation of the
actual structure of the three-dimensional
macromolecular framework, either through
direct incorporation or through rearrangement
via monomeric species

11.  Geopolymers are chains or networks of mineral molecules linked
with co-valent bonds. They have following basic characteristics:
 a) Nature of the hardened material:
X-ray amorphous at ambient and medium temperatures
X-ray crystalline at temperatures >500°C
 b) Synthesis Routes:
alkaline medium (Na, K, Ca) hydroxides and alkali-silicates yielding
poly(silicates) – poly(siloxo) type or poly(silico-aluminates) –
poly(sialate) type
 acidic medium (Phosphoric acid) yielding poly(phospho-siloxo) and
poly(alumino-phospho) types
 As an example, one of the geopolymeric precursors, MK-750
(metakaolin) with its alumoxyl group –Si-O-Al=O, reacts in both
systems, alkaline and acidic. Same for siloxo-based and organo-
siloxo-based geopolymeric species that also react in both alkaline
and acidic medium.

12.  The research utilized low calcium (ASTM Class F)
fly ash as the base material for making
geopolymer concrete. The fly ash was obtained
from only one source, because the main focus of
this study was the short-term behavior and the
engineering properties of fly ash-based geopolymer
concrete.
 As far as possible, the technology and the
equipment currently used to manufacture OPC
concrete were also used to make the geopolymer
concrete.
 The concrete properties studied included the
compressive and indirect tensile strengths, the
elastic constants, the stress-strain relationship in
compression, and the workability of fresh
concrete.

13.  Trail Mix -1 ( 1: 3)
 GGBS – 625gm
 Fly Ash – 375gm
 Silica Fume – 250gm
 Sand – 3750gm
 Alkaline Activators
 Sodium hydroxide ( 10M)
 Sodium Silicate ( 30%)
 Water ( 0.4) 500gm
 Results - 3days – 11.6 mpa
 - 7days - 11.8mpsa

14.  Trail Mix -2 ( 1: 4)
 GGBS – 625gm
 Fly Ash – 375gm
 Silica Fume – 250gm
 Sand – 5000gm
 Alkaline Activators
 Sodium hydroxide ( 10M)
 Sodium Silicate ( 50%)
 Water ( 0.4) 500gm
 Results - 3days – 18.7 mpa
 - 7days - yet to be done

15.  Calculation of Design mix for M30 grade
concrete by geopolymer materials
 Geopolymer concrete is order of the day
 The research on geopolymer reinforced
concrete started recently as compared to
geopolymer plain concrete.
 Aim is to find alkaline reactivity to reinforced
bars.

16.  Cement perpartion – GGBS,Fly Ash, Silica
Fume, Activators Naoh, Na2sio3
 Fine aggregate- Quary Dust.
 Coarse Aggregate – Ferro Crome stone (
slag stone).
 Cubes casted for only Cement results.
 Highlighted point for this geopolymer
concrete curing work is carried out by
ambient curing

17.  Concrete cubes to casted for Trial mixs once
finalizing the Design mix
 Cubes, prisms, cylinders to be casted.
 As per the results obtained 1.5 mts Beams will
casted
 1 beam – Normal conventional reinforced
concrete
 1 beam – Geopolymer reinforced concrete
 1 beam – Geopolymer coated reinforced
concrete

18.  Compressive Strength of concrete
 Split Tensile strength of Concrete
 Flexural Strength of Concrete
 Rapid Chloride penetration in Concrete
 As Compared to normal concretes
 Strength comparison between normal concrete and
Geoploymer concrete.
 Alkaline affect in reinforced bars.
 Strength variation between coated bars and uncoated
bars.
 Strength comparison between normal concrete and
Geoploymer concrete.
 Alkaline affect in reinforced bars.
 Strength variation between coated bars and uncoated
bars.

19.  Higher concentrations of G.G.B.S (Slag) result in
higher compressive strength of geopolymer
concrete.
 There is no necessity of exposing geopolymer
concrete to higher temperature to attain maximum
strength if minimum 10% of fly ash is replaced by
GGBS.
 Compressive strength of geopolymer concrete
increases with increase in percentage of
replacement of flyash with GGBS.
 Initial setting time is increasing by adding activators
in high dosage.
 Compressive strength increasing in morality NAOH

20.  Trial Mix – 7days
 Cubes and Documentation - 10days
 Paper and Beam Casting – 28days
 Total days left to complete – 35 days

21. Go GREEN