IRJET- Experimental Analysis on Power Generation Unit using R134a Powered...
CSPTower_Final_061214_MasterThesis
1. Exergy & Economic Analyses
for CSP Tower Plant in Egypt
Institut für Energietechnik
Prof. Dr. Ing. G. Tsatsaronis
Prof. Dr. T. Morozyuk
Master Thesis by:
Mohamed Bahaa Noaman
Berlin- Winter Semester ’14/’15
December 5th, 2014
3. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
1. Energy Sector in Egypt
• Egypt must cut its food and fuel subsidies
• Energy accounts for 80% of total Egypt’s subsidies
• Egypt is now a net importer of oil and gas
• Private companies should take part in developing
energy sector in Egypt
• Feasibility study for Solar Tower Project by TAQA Arabia
3
http://www.iesc.org/Data/Sites/1/SharedFiles/egyptforward/presentations/Energy_ZaghloulMr.AkmalM.Presentation.pdf
4. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
2. Research Topic Significance
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CSP Tower
Tech
• Dispatchable Electricity
• Tower High concentration ratio
Power
Block Cycle
• High-Efficiency Thermodynamic Cycles can enhance efficiency by 13%[1]
• Reduce LCOE up-to 2 cents/kWh[2]
Exergo-
economic
Optimization
• R&D goal? reduce uncertainties increase tech competitiveness
Bench-
marking
• Comparing our study to help in taking investment decisions
[1] NREL, 2012, “Tradeoffs and Synergies between CSP and PV at High Grid Penetration”
[2] http://www.ezklein.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/TowerRoadmap-track-changes-EZKleins-contribution.pdf
6. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
1. CSP Tower Technology
6
Receiver Type Advantage Disadvantage
Water/Steam
Receivers
• Mature
Technology
•Difficult Thermal
Storage setup
Reliable
Molten-salt
Receivers
•Cheapest for pure
solar plants
•Temperature
limited to 600 °C
Storage Capability
Volumetric air
Receivers
•Good option for
Hybrid Systems
(ISCC)
•Air has low Specific
Heat Capacity
•Difficult thermal
storage
High Temperatures
7. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
2. Second Generation Technology Molten Salt
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http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2001/013674.pdf
8. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
3. Technology Developments in 10 countries globally
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Solar Two (99 to 2009)
Demo for 2nd GenerationPS10 2007 11MW
Steam/Rankine
1st Commercial plant
Ivanpah 370MW Steam/Rankine
by Google in 2013
GemaSolar 2011 20MW –
Molten Salt/Rankine
24h operation Solar only
Subcritical Rankine
Cycles
http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/power_tower.cfm
Solar One operated
successfully within 82-88
9. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
4. Latest Developments USA/Australia/Spain/Israel/Germany at DLR
• S-CO2 Closed Brayton cycle higher system efficiencies lower-cost
• Modular Supercritical-CO2 receiver (10 MW)
• Unlike water/steam Rankine cycles;
1. No phase change &
2. Easily matched to current molten-salt TES
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http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/50787.pdf
10. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
4. What’s special about Supercritical-CO2 !
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1. Wilkes, C. J. (2014, June 16). Fundamentals of Supercritical CO2.
Retrieved November 2014, from Southwest Research Institute:
http://www.swri.org/4org/d18/sCO2/papers2014/tutorials/wilkes.pdf
2. Dostal, V., Driscoll, M. J., & Hejzlar, P. (March 2004). A Supercritical
Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors. The MIT
Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems
11. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
4. What’s special about Supercritical-CO2 !
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12. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
4. What’s special about Supercritical-CO2 !
12
13. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
4. Modular Tower
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Zhiwen, M., & Turchi, C. S. (May 2011). Advanced Supercritical Carbon
Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations for Use in Concentrating Solar Power
Systems. Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Symposium. Boulder, Colorado
15. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
1. Overview of Activities
• Literature review
• Design & Simulation
• Exergy Analysis
• Economic Analysis
• Benchmarking
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16. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
2. High-Efficiency Thermodynamic Cycles
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Dunham, M. T., &
Iverson, B. D.
(2014). High-
Efficiency
Thermodynamic
Power Cycles for
Concentrated Solar
Power Systems.
Renewable and
Sustainable Energy
Reviews (30), 758-
770.
17. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
3. Baseload Power Plant
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Parameters Assumptions Additional Comments
Reflective area 2 km2
Calculated using
EbsilonProfessional 10
HTF Molten-salt
Capability 15 hours To insure a 70% capacity factor
Plant Setup
Baseload –
24h operation
Capacity Factor 70%
Lowest LCOE occurs
@ (3 Solar-Multiple)
Power Rating 125 MWe
25. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
Start
(2019)
After
5 years
After
10 years
After
15 years
(2034)
After
20 years
After
25 years
After
30 years
(2049)
LCOE-($¢/kWhe)
Project lifetime in years
Rankine cycle S-CO2 Central Tower
S-CO2 Modular Tower (Solar Park) CCGT @ 0.5% Escalation rate of natural-Gas
CCGT @ 1% Escalation rate of natural-Gas CCGT @ 1.5% Escalation rate of natural-Gas
Benchmark
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26. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
Tariffs
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Tariffs in Egypt
New Gov’ Decree in July 2014
98 EGP cents/kWhe in 2019
11 $¢/kWhe (On average)
27. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
Future Work!
• Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization
• The operation and control schemes for the S-CO2
closed Brayton Cycle
• Uncertainty analysis
• Economic Assessment for S-CO2 modular towers vs.
PV systems for Distributed Generation
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30. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
HEATRIC – PCHE Technology
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Case
Heat
Exchanger
Q (MW) ∆T (K) U (W/m2K)* Area (m2) Comments
1st Case
(125 MWe -
550 °C)
LT
Recuperator
190 9.6 3,000 6,500
The area is
relatively
larger than
the other
two cases
because of
the higher
capacity
HT
Recuperator
840 17.7 3,000 15,800
Pre-cooler 188 3.1 7,000 8,600
2nd Case
(10 Mwe -
700 °C)
LT
Recuperator
8 20 3,000 130
The area
here is
larger than
the 3rd case
due to the
higher TIT
HT
Recuperator
43 4.8 3,000 3,000
Pre-cooler 10 4 7,000 350
3rd Case
(10 Mwe -
900 °C)
LT
Recuperator
9 27.9 3,000 100
As the TIT
increases
the area
decreases
and the
system is
more
compact
HT
Recuperator
54 8.8 3,000 2,000
Pre-cooler 9 6.5 7,000 200
31. Master Thesis – Noaman, December 2014
TAQA Project details
• The goal of the TAQA CSP Plant is to develop, construct, operate and maintain
a 250-MW CSP plant as a renewable energy solution in an area of Egypt
where electricity demand is expected to increase significantly. The Grantee
requires an FS to determine the economic viability of CSP technology in Egypt.
Specifically, the FS will evaluate the viability of using a CSP tower system with
molten salt storage technology, as well as alternative CSP technologies.
Upon successful implementation of the TAQA CSP plant, the Grantee plans to
develop three additional CSP plants in two implementation phases, with a
total capacity of 1,000 MW. They are to be connected to the Egyptian grid
and operated under a proposed feed-in tariff regime. Total implementation
cost of the project is $1.23 billion with an estimated $478 million in potential
U.S. exports.
• Key aspects of the FS will include the determination of costs of local labor and
materials sourced in Egypt; an analysis of unique financial structuring aspects
such as sovereign guarantees, accelerated depreciation, carbon financing, and
feed-in tariff rates; selection of the most appropriate CSP technology for
Egypt; and quantification of the social and local economic benefits of CSP for
Egypt.
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http://www.csp-world.com/cspworldmap/taqa-concentrated-solar-power-plant
