2nd iwsrs kn
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The document summarizes discussions from the 2nd International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium. Key points include: 1. Surveillance and information sharing are needed between countries to monitor evolving wheat rust pathogens that do not respect borders. 2. National action plans and rapid responses like fungicide application or new resistant varieties are required to control emerging rust strains. 3. A long-term, coordinated global effort is required to develop durable rust resistance through continued crop research and development of new wheat varieties. Regional collaboration on research and capacity building was emphasized.
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2nd iwsrs kn
- 1. 2nd International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium Izmir, April 28 – May 1, 2014 K. Nazari, A. Osman, M. Keser 1
- 2. Kumarse Nazari k.nazari@cgiar.org INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS (ICARDA), ALEPPO, SYRIA 2011 BGRI Technical Workshop, JUNE 13-16, 2011 Yellow Rust in CWANA in 2010-2011 “The situation and Measures Taken” CWANA Highly Diverse & Challenging Region Population: >1 Billion people 2
- 3. Driving Forces of Regional/ And International Stripe Rust Epidemics • Pathogenic variability? • Narrow genetic basis of resistance? • Adaptation to climate change? • Host preference change?
- 5. The International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium was organized by: ICARDA – the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas — in collaboration with the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the UN, the International Development Research Center (IDRC, Canada), the Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East & North Africa (AARINENA), and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). 5
- 6. A call for Global Mitigation of Stripe Rust Epidemics 1. Long-term investment to reduce the threat of stripe rust Summary Status Component Stem rust Stripe rust Coordinated Global Response X = Clearly defined target X ? Information systems + Data Management X not global Surveillance Network + Tools X Spillover from stem rust (timeliness?) Pathotyping capacity X with limitations (GRRC with some limitations) Ahead of disease progress? X - Source: Dave Hodson, CIMMYT6
- 7. A call for action? 7
- 8. • Capacity development • Fast-track variety release • Accelerated seed multiplication and seed delivery • International and national training courses • Long & short - term training • Graduate student • Regional traveling workshop • International program • National program • Utilization of genetic resources • Race analysis • GRRC • National rust laboratory • Trap Nurseries • Exchange information Co-ordinated pathogen monitoring and awareness Co-ordinated breeding for durable resistance Effective seed system Capacity building and training 8
- 9. 2. Strategies to address wheat stripe rust disease • Surveillance and information exchange between countries. • Planning, awareness, and preparedness to rapidly deliver appropriate seeds and fungicides where they are needed to arrest the spread of wheat rust diseases. • New capacity and skills in ministries, extension services, and at the farm level to develop effective strategies for managing rust diseases. • Crop research for a continued, long-term effort in developing new varieties that are resistant to the emerging pathotypes of wheat rust. 9
- 10. 3. Approaching stripe rust as a social disease • stripe rust does not respect national borders • The rusts are ‘social diseases’ • The fight against rust requires good neighbors, working together • The role of policy makers and global leadership is crucial if we are to take a significant step forward in minimizing the impacts of Pst • to build a cooperative attitude for information sharing, the mutual sharing of risk analyses, and trust at Regional and international level 10
- 11. 4. Encouraging the development of national action plans • A multi-faceted approach is needed by countries to combat wheat rusts. • Immediate action to combat new rust pathotypes is often the use of fungicides • Reducing the cropping of susceptible mega- cultivars across vast wheat growing areas is perhaps the best insurance policy against widespread rust damage 11
- 12. 5. Reducing the impacts of narrow range variety dependence • Diversified cropping of wheat (DW & BW) • Use of non-race specific durable resistance genes • Maintenance breeding as short-term strategy • Better understanding of genetic basis of resistance of current cultivars and candidate advanced lines • Search and utilization of new sources of resistance from land races and wild relatives 12
- 13. 6. Coordinated effective seed system • Developing a clear approach to seed multiplication and farmer engagement with new, diverse varieties • Strengthening NARS in capacity development • To establish fast-track variety release systems • Participatory demonstration and accelerated seed multiplication of newly released wheat varieties • fast replacement of existing vulnerable commercial varieties 13
- 14. A Regional Platform for Cereal Rust Research 14
- 15. 15 • Race analysis • International TNs Pathogenic Variability • Seedling & Adult-plant • Molecular Markers Resistance screening • Short and long term training • Studentship Capacity building
- 16. Testing sites of InternationalTrap Nurseries 2013-14 RCRRC
- 17. Susceptible genotype Resistant genotype
- 18. Regional Resistance Screening Facilities • 2012-13 – 10,000 (ICARDA, IWWIP Turkey) • 2013-14 – 16,000 (ICARDA, IWWIP, Turkey, CIMMYT) 18
- 19. • General Directorate of Agricultural Researches and Policies (TAGEM) • The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) • International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) • Aegean Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) • The Central Research Institute for Field Crops • ICARDA • ICARDA Rust Pathology Team Acknowledgements: Thanks you for your attention
Hinweis der Redaktion
- CWANA for example if one of the region in the world with almost 50 million hectares that is affected by periodical stripe rust epidemics. Considering the epidemiological factors and the history of recurrent epidemics, the wheat areas in Africa (eastern and northern countries), the Middle East, the Caucasus region, and West and South Asia now appear to comprise a single epidemiological zone – hence any new pathotype that evolves in one country in the region is likely to disperse to the entire region.
- A call to action for continued investment The purpose of this report is to provide new perspectives, share countries’ experiences and highlight potential solutions to the wheat rust diseases that are re-emerging today, threatening livelihoods and productivity growth in many low-income countries. It has been prepared to inform government decision-makers and agricultural planners in countries affected by wheat rusts, and in the international development and donor communities – on what is needed to effectively manage the threat of these wheat diseases.The history and potential dangers of a wheat rust epidemic are known and have been discussed frequently in agriculture and development circles in the past decades. This report takes the discussion one step further. It examines the practical steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of large-scale crop damage from wheat rust, focusing specifically on the needs of low-income countries.The concepts and approach summarized in this report are based on decades of crop science research on developing disease-resistant wheat varieties that are used by farmers today in the world’s major wheat growing areas. This is a synthesis of the debates of over 100 scientists and policymakers from 31 countries – at the International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium, organized by ICARDA in Aleppo, Syria in April 2011– among leading crop scientists, agricultural economists and policy makers from many low income countries that are dealing with stripe rust problems on a daily basis.
- An international forum to discuss the way forward in stripe rust R&D was held at ICARDA headquarters in Aleppo, Syria, in April 2011. The following resolutions from that meeting continue to provide a framework for the future:1. Long-term investment is needed to reduce the threat of stripe rust
- Efficient and effective seed delivery systems are critical for new crop varieties to reach farmers and bring impacts in ensuring food security and improving livelihoods of farmers. However, most national seed systems operate under heterogeneous environments in terms of agro-ecology, farming systems, crops and markets. They face a broad range of constraints including policy and regulatory frameworks; inadequate institutional and organizational arrangements; deficiencies in production, processing, and quality assurance infrastructure; and lack of trained personnel limiting technical and managerial capacities, compounded by farmers’ difficult socio-economic circumstances. It is therefore important to assist and strengthen NARS in capacity development, establish fast-track variety release systems, and participatory demonstration and accelerated seed multiplication of newly released wheat varieties to ensure fast replacement of existing vulnerable commercial varieties.