1. Strategies to link smallholder pig farmers to formal markets for
enhanced livelihoods in Goromonzi district, Zimbabwe
MST-80436; 36 ECTS
Supervisor: Domenico Dentoni
By:
Makanyara Kayonza

2. Summary of contents
 Introduction
 Materials and Methods
 Major Findings
 Conclusion and Recommendations

3. Introduction
 Smallholder pig production comprise about 80% total pig
population in Zimbabwe (Mutambara, 2013)
 Employment and income to 60-70% of the population (DBSA,
2012)
 Small to medium scale producers is the dominant sector in
agricultural industry.
 Livestock agriculture is central to rural economy 90% rural
communities rely on smallholder animal production (Mudavanhu
and Mandizvidza, 2013)

4. Cont…
Pig production
•Significant fluctuation of pig production over the last decade.
•Commercial sow herd peaked from 15500 commercial sow herd in 2005 to
20000 in 2007; and then dropped to 8000 in 2008 to (Mutambara, 2013)
 Farmers lack access to agricultural inputs, credit facilities,
 Lack of access to markets and market information
 Poor infrastructural facilities
 Removal of government-sponsored support
 Smallholder farming is practiced under subsistence level (Markelova et
al 2009)

5. Research Objective
The objective is to identify strategies that link smallholder
pig farmers into formal markets for enhanced livelihoods,
using Goromonzi district in Zimbabwe as a case study.

6. Research Questions
Who are the key players and service providers involved in the
Goromonzi pig value chain and what role do they play in the chain?
What are the constraints being faced by the immediate chain
players and how these constraints are affecting the effective
participation of smallholder farmers into markets?
Which strategies has each chain player implemented to improve
the participation of smallholder pig farmers into formal markets?
4.What are the strategies for linking smallholder pig farmers into
formal markets for enhanced livelihoods?

7. Material and Method
 Description of the study area • Goromonzi District
• Located 32km southeast of
Harare
• Lies in agro-ecological
region ll(b) & Annual
average rainfall of 750-
1050mm
• Livestock production
• Beef, dairy, pig and
poultry
Crop production

8. Research Framework
Literature Review Empirical Review Results Conclusions
1. Literature on
smallholder pig
production. 2.
Literature on
current
situation on pig
production in
Sub-Saharan
Africa
1. Literature on
pig value chain
analysis
market access
and constraints
of smallholder
farmers
Key informant
interviews
Household
questionnaires
Focus group
discussions
(exploring
strategies) and
personal
observation
Data analysis
and data
processing
Conclusions &
Recommendati
ons

9. Cont...
 Data collection method

10. Selection of Farmers
Randomly selected
Farmers were classified as follows:
Small-scale A1 semi subsistence farmers
Small-scale A2 commercial farmers

11. Data analysis
 Data were analysed using
 Stakeholder matrix
 Value chain mapping
 Content analysis

12. Major Findings
 Who are the key players and service providers involved in the Goromonzi
pig value chain and what role do they play in the chain?
 there are mainly three main pig value chains in Goromonzi district.
Market channel 1(Formal chain)

13. Cont’....
Marketing channel 2 (Semi formal)

14. Cont…
Service
providers
Service
providers
Final
Consumer
Final
Consumer
Producer/
farmer
Producer/
farmer
Marketing channel 3 (informal)

15. Cont’….
What are the constraints being faced by the immediate chain
players and how these constraints are affecting the effective
participation of smallholder farmers in markets?
• Smallholder farmers
– Stockfeeds (scarcity & high costs)
– Market challenges
– Poor infrastructure
– High disease prevalence
– Lack of technical knowhow
• Other key chain players
– Poor credit lines
– Low quality animals
– Inadequate resources

16. Mitigation strategies
What strategies has each chain player implemented to
improve the participation of smallholder pig farmers into
formal markets?
• Smallholder farmers
– Maize production to complement stockfeeds scarcity & high costs (Sukume &
Guveya, 2009)
– Diversification with beef, poultry and tobacco production
– Own butcheries
– Entered into contract farming elsewhere
• Other key chain players
– Joint ventures/mergers and acquisitions
– Diversification
– Parastatals-government

17. Cont’.....
 4.What are the strategies for linking smallholder pig farmers into
formal markets for enhanced livelihoods?
• Develop producer organisations/cooperatives
– Market access, bulk buying and selling, shared information (Bijman
2007).
• Farmer Organisations
– benefits that these unions offer such as collective action,
facilitation in required services, production and marketing
information of pigs.
• Market relations
– create strong relations with other actors and stakeholders in the
value chains

18. Strategies
• Abattoirs
– Incapacitated current abattoirs and long distances
• Credit facilities
– . Financial institutions are also failing to avail credits to farmers
• Training Facilities
– Reduce costs on production and marketing
• Contract farming arrangements

19. Conclusion
 There were three pig value chains in Goromonzi district and each
chain has its own pros and cons.
 Constraints for smallholder pig producers
 Constraints for other key chain players and service providers have a
negative effect on the participation of smallholder pig farmers into
formal markets
 Mitigation strategies that players have adopted include mixed farming,
diversification into poultry, beef and tobacco production.

 Strategies for smallholder pig farmers

20. Recommendations
 Future research should focus on understanding the whole
pig value chains in Zimbabwe and how to integrate the
new players at each stage of the chain especially the
newly resettled farmers
 Promote vertical coordination through dialogues between
actors and traders at different chain level.
 Future researches should also focus on how the structural
adjustment and the fast track land reform programme
affected the pig value chain in Zimbabwe.

21. Thank You: Questions?