Various climate change adaptation projects are currently being implemented by international organizations in Kyrgyzstan. The goal of these projects is to increase livestock productivity and sustainability of local communities to climate change, thereby leading to poverty reduction and an increase in economic growth in rural communities. Project activities include e.g. identification of measures and technologies for climate change adaptation and inclusion in pasture committees' work plans; establishment and introduction of an Early Warning System (EWS) and capacity building for knowledge management improvement to climate change.

1. WB and IFAD inputs to pasture
management improvement in the Kyrgyz
Republic
Bishkek, July 2016
KR Ministry of Agriculture and Melioration
Agricultural Projects Implementation Unit (APIU)

2. Presentation content:
Background
Current impact of climate change on agriculture
Inputs of international organizations to climate
change adaptation
Geographical coverage of projects
Projects’ target groups and implementing agencies
Projects’ goal and objectives
Projects’ results

3. The total area of pastures is 9 million 148 thousand hectares and it occupies more than 86% of the
total agricultural land. Where 1 million 200 thousand ha of pastures are managed by the Agency for
Environmental Protection and Forestry of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Total pasture area includes:
 1. near village pastures - 2 325.5 million ha
 2. intensive pastures (mid) – 2 916.4 million ha
 3. distant pastures – 3 941.5 million ha
Livestock population by types:
 1. Cattle (cows) – 1.45 million heads
 2. Small ruminants – 5.82 million heads
 3. Horses – 0.43 million heads
The livestock development and productivity depends mainly on pasture correct use and productivity.
More than 70% of animals are fed with natural forage grassland, and therefore the role of pastures in
providing animal fodder is very high in the country.
1. Background

4. Oblast
Near village
pastures, ha
Intensive (mid),
ha
Distant
pastures, ha
Total, ha
Batken 210 857 251 997 127 576 590 430
Djalal-Abad 206 933 1 012 330 418 957 1 638 220
Issyk-Kul 325 101 248 258 839 942 1 413 301
Naryn 761 563 707 355 1 157 368 2 626 286
Osh 366 534 55 581 975 536 1 397 651
Talas 176 598 373 009 106 603 656 210
Chui 276 921 268 309 315 489 860 719
Republic 2 324 507 2 916 839 3 941 471 9 147 817
Pasture area by oblasts

5. 2. Current impact of climate change on agriculture
 According to the IFAD study “The climate change impact on Kyrgyz pasture and livestock
systems” in 2013, during the last century the temperature of the air in the KR territory increased by
0.8 ° C, an increase in mean annual temperature by an average of 2 °C is expected by 2020 year
and 4/5 °C by 2100.
 There is an expected increase in winter precipitation and decrease in summer precipitation in
Central Asia.
 Reduction in annual runoff is predicted by 12% by 2020 with a potential three-fold increase by
2050. These changes will lead to an increase in droughts, heat waves and extreme weather events.
 Kyrgyz pastures and livestock are increasingly suffering from the effects of increased climate
variability and extreme climate events.
 Due to the extreme weather conditions during the winter of 2011-2012 the livestock sector was
considerably damaged in Kyrgyzstan. The number of dead and slaughtered animals was about 47
thousand heads. The damage amounted to more than KGS 380 million.
 In June 2013 severe frosts and snow in the beginning of summer season killed more than 15,000
sheep in Naryn oblast.
 The IFAD recent evaluation of the climate change impact on livestock and pastures has led to the
conclusion that the future climate scenarios predict increase in extreme events (heat, drought,
precipitation intensity, etc.) which will have a very negative impact on the sector.

6.  Displacement of vegetation belts;
 Increased area of desert and semi-desert pastures (30%);
 Loss of the spring and autumn pastures (70%);
 Decrease in pasture productivity;
 Decrease of fescue (pasture forage plant, Latin “festuca
valesiaca”, Kyrgyz “betege”) pasture area (30%) which is the
most sensitive to climate change;
 An increase in temperature during the growing season and an
increase in carbon dioxide will allow the broad-leaved plants to
increase productivity.
2.1. impact of climate change on pastures

7.  Increased incidence of infectious, parasitic and non-
communicable diseases;
 Death of animals in emergency situations;
 Lack of feed in winter;
 Increased number of poisoning by weed and
poisonous vegetation;
 Rapid migration of pathogenic agents (tick);
 Stress of animals from body overheating;
 Reduced animal productivity.
2.2 Livestock vulnerability to climate change

8. 3. Inputs of international organizations to climate change adaptation
KR Ministry of Agriculture and Melioration
implemented and implements the following investment projects:
AISP
• Agricultural Investments and Services Project was funded by the
WB, IFAD, EU, SDCO, GKR; the project cost is $32.8 million,
implementation period is 2008-2014.
LMDP-1
• Livestock and Market Development Project -1 is funded by the
IFAD, GKR; the project cost is $25.8 million, implementation
period is 2013-2018.
LMDP-2
• Livestock and Market Development Project -2 is funded by the
IFAD, ASAP Trust Fund, GKR; the project cost is $39.5 million,
implementation period is 2014-2019.
PLMIP
• Pasture and Livestock Management Improvement Project is
funded by the WB, the project cost is $15 million,
implementation period is 2015-2019.

9. The projects’ inputs
LMDP-1 LMDP-2 PLMIP
Donor: IFAD IFAD, ASAP Trust Fund WB
Total project cost
incl.:
$ 25.8 mln. $ 39.5 mln. $ 15 mln.
Grant $ 10 mln. (IFAD)
$ 11 mln. (IFAD), $ 10 mln.
(Trust Fund (ASAP))
$ 6.75 mln. (WB)
Loan
$ 10 mln. (IFAD) - 100% high
concessional loan
$ 11.0 mln. (IFAD) - 100%
high concessional loan
$ 8.25 mln. (WB)
Government of
the KR
$ 0.52 mln. – GKR co-financing
(vaccine input and tax payment)
$ 0.7 mln.
Beneficiary
inputs
$ 5.2 mln. – Beneficiary inputs $ 6.8 mln. – Beneficiary inputs
$ 0.088 mln. – Veterinary Chamber
input
Project status 2013-2018 (in process) 2014-2019 (in process) 2015-2018 (in process)

10. 4. Geographical coverage
LMDP-1
125 А/О in Issyk-Kul and Naryn oblasts, 5 A/O in Toguz-Toro rayon of Djalal-
Abad oblast
The entire country – Brucellosis and Echinococcosis control activity
LMDP-2 190 А/О in Osh, Batken and Djalal-Abad oblasts
PLMIP 140 А/О in Chui and Talas oblasts

11. 5. The projects’ target groups and implementing
agencies
Village/aiyl
aimak level
• Smallholders
• Households with
small number of
animals and low
income
• Women and
women headed
households
• Pasture users
• Veterinarians
• Small processors
• AHSC, PC, PUU
• Entire population
• Aiyl aimak
• Aiyl kenesh
• Youth
Rayon level
• RDAD
• HPU
• PUU rayon
association
• PV rayon
association
• Rayon
administrations
Oblast level
• Authorized
representatives
• PV oblast
associations
• SIVPSS oblast
associations
• HPU oblast
associations
Republic level
• MoAM
• PD – oblast
• SIVPSS – oblast –
rayon
• ARIS– oblast– CDSO
• Veterinary Chamber
• KSRVI
• KNAU– college–
education center
• KSRLPI
• RCHP – oblast –
rayon– village
• DDP&SSES
• CCVD
• KyrgyzHydromet
• KRSU
• Kyrgyz Jaiyty
association

12. 6. Projects’ goal and objectives
The projects’ goal is to increase livestock productivity and sustainability
of local communities to climate change which should lead to reduction of
poverty and increase of economic growth in rural communities.
To achieve this goal relating to climate change the following objectives
will be performed:
Generalization of measures and technologies for climate change
adaptation by including them in the Pasture committees’ work
plans
Establishment and introduction of Early Warning System
(EWS)
Knowledge management improvement on climate change

13. The Community Pasture Management Plans (CPMP) will include
activities and technologies on climate change adaptation (effective
pasture use, pasture infrastructure improvement including an
overseeding with resistant varieties of plants, repair/construction of
roads, underpasses for livestock, bridges, etc.).
The CPMPs will include maps on pasture state and infrastructure
(roads, bridges, etc.) which will be a tool for development of
measures on efficient pasture use.
Practical implementation will be carried out in conjunction with
ARIS.
Objective1. Generalization of measures and technologies for climate change
adaptation by including them in the Pasture Committees’ work plans

14. Objective 2. Establishment and introduction of Early Warning System (EWS)
Early Warning System (EWS) consists of the following components:
Kyrgyzhydromet
• Automated System for
Weather Forecasting
(AWFS) includes:
• - Forecasting for 10 days so
that the beneficiaries can
plan their activities in
advance,
• - dissemination/delivery of
forecasting and information
to farmers.
• Implementing agency –
Kyrgyzhydromet with
KRSU support
Kyrgyz–RussianSlavicUniversity(KRSU)
• Integrated Model of
Derived Variables (IMDV)
consists of a computer
program package showing
the effects of weather and
hydrological models to link
them to EWS, thereby
providing timely
information on water
balance and hazards
(floods of rivers, floods),
and to predict their impact
on the pasture systems.
• Implementing agency -
Kyrgyz – Russian Slavic
University (KRSU)
PastureDepartmentundertheMoAM
• GIS Platform (Geographic
Information System)
participating in definition of
content and priority of
variables mapped.
• Implementing agency –
Pasture Department under
the MoAM
Memoranda will be signed and relevant equipment and devices will be procured for Kyrgyzhydromet and
KRSU

15. Objective 3. Knowledge management improvement on climate change
Implementing agencies: APIU, PD, ARIS
Capacity improvement of Kyrgyzhydromet, KRSU and
project specialists.
Development of educational materials for training
agricultural specialists and rural producers on climate change
adaptation.
Training, workshops, demonstrations in production
conditions.
Feedback from agricultural producers on the results of EWS
and training courses, and how this has affected the reduction
of poverty and improvement of living standards in rural area.

16. 7. Projects’ key results – part 1
1 • Developed/finalized RLA on pasture use and management
2 • Conducted training sessions and round tables on pasture
management, animal health, clarification of legal issues
3 • Established pasture database in context of
republic/oblast/rayon/AA
4 • Conducted social mobilization of communities,
institutional assessment of PUUs
5 • Improved community pasture management plans
6 • Conducted research works in 13 pasture demonstration
sites (KSRLPI)
7 • Established 32 CFSFs, procured and distributed fodder
seeds and mineral fertilizers

17. Projects’ key results – part 2
8 •Procured 4.4 million doses of brucellosis vaccine (REV-1) to the amount $358.8 thousand and 5 million
tablets of anthelmintic against dog echinococcosis to the amount $191.6 thousand; PVS were paid for
vaccination services ($66.87 thousand)
9 •Conducted surveys (monitoring) on brucellosis and echinococcosis among animals (KSRVI)
10 •Conducted surveys on brucellosis and echinococcosis among people (DDP&SSES)
11 •Selected 114 students in the KNAU veterinary faculty, paid contracts, scholarships, practical lessons
12 •Established cooperation on animal health with the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), received
recommendations from international experts, mission
13 •Strengthened material and technical base of RDAD, CO of the MoAM (procurement of office equipment,
training)
14 •Communication campaign on pasture and veterinary, disease prevention in animals and humans (SIVPSS,
RCHP, VC, PD, DDP&SSES)
15 •Coordination and M&E of project activities, financing, procurements of goods/services, regular reporting
and awareness of the project progress

18. Key results - KSRLPI
In order to improve pastures the drought-resistant grass overseeding is
undertaken - wheat grass (“Mazar-Sai” demonstration site )
The environmental testing site for a new early-maturing variety of
brome “Jalyn” was laid in model farms. “Jalyn” variety can be
used for surface and radical improvement of degraded pastures
The pasture state is assessed, degraded areas are identified where
the elements of improvement with the use of drought-resistant
species and varieties of forage grasses will be developed
Organic fertilizers (FLORA C and FITOP-FLORA C which positively
influence the plants, improve soil fertility in comparison with
traditional fertilizers) are used.

19. Thank you for attention!