RWANDA NATIONAL AGRICULTURE SURVEY 2008

1. Regional Roundtable on
World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020
Nairobi, Kenya, 18-22 September 2017
RWANDA
NATIONAL AGRICULTURE
SURVEY 2008
Technical Session 15
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Mr. Stéphane MUGABE
Team Leader of Agricultural Statistics
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR)
stephane.mugabe@statistics.gov.rw

2. Contents
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1. Introduction & Background
2. Methodology used in the National Agriculture Survey 2008
3. Themes 13 - Forestry and 15 - Environment/greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions
4. Main items of the theme assigned to Rwanda and lessons learnt
5. Relevant links to the instruments, reports with results and other
census materials

3. 1. Introduction & Background
 During the last decades, agriculture contributed more than 30% of the GDP and
employing over 70% of the population of Rwanda.
So far, Rwanda has never conducted a Census of Agriculture. Legal framework exists
but applied for agricultural surveys. The existing plan is to conduct seasonal agricultural
surveys
The 2008 National Agricultural Survey (NAS 2008) of Rwanda has been undertaken
from September 2007 to August 2008 and covered the whole two agricultural seasons of
the year 2008 (from September 2007 to February 2008 for the first season and from
March to August 2008 for the second season)
Other national agriculture survey dated from 1983 when the first national agriculture
survey was held.
 Apart from the National Agricultural Surveys, smaller agriculture surveys were
conducted in successive years with representativeness at the so named prefectures.
These small surveys stopped in 1992 because of insecurity in the country.
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4. 1. Introduction & Background (Cont.)
 The analysis that has been done dealt with:
◦ Demographic and social characteristics of agricultural farmers;
◦ Farms characteristics;
◦ Agricultural practices and crop production;
◦ Livestock practices and production;
◦ Fishery, aquaculture and beekeeping practices;
◦ Forestry practices and income;
◦ Food stocks and, nutrition.
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5.  Scope: rural areas of the country and some areas of Kigali city
concerned by the agro-pastoral activities and these areas were
visited during the two main agricultural seasons A, B.
 Sampling of NAS 2008
 Administrative structure of Rwanda = 11 Provinces & Kigali City
(106 districts and 1545 Sectors)
 Basic sampling units (the unit of observation was agriculture
household
Each sector was divided into Enumeration Areas (EAs) with an
average size of 227 households
 Primary Sampling Unit/PSU (840 EAs across the country sampled
from 7727 EAs)
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2. Methodology used in the NAS 2008

6. Sampling of NAS 2008 (Cont’d)
 Secondary Sampling Unit/SSU and Selection of sample households
 (In the second stage, 12 households were selected in each sample EA.
For the National Agricultural Survey 2008, there were a total of 10,080
sample households)
 Stratification of NAS 2008:
the first stage was at district level;
Furthermore, Rwanda was divided into 10 Bio-climatic zones which were
defined responding to stratification process.
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7. Sampling of NAS 2008 (Cont’d)
 Weighting procedures
To make sample estimates from the agricultural surveys
representative for all agricultural households of the country, it
was necessary to multiply the data by a sampling weight or
expansion factor. The basic weight for each sample, agricultural
household was equal to the inverse of its probability of
selection.
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8. Data collection
 Data collection was done between October 2007 and
September 2008
The data collection was done using questionnaire sheet filled
by enumerators according to an harmonized calendar in all
selected Enumeration Areas.
In addition to the collection sheet, the concern of measurement
of accuracy was satisfied trough the distribution to enumerators
and heads of households standard measurement equipments.
This was done in order to break the tradition of approximation
of quantities and distances as used in previous surveys.
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9. Data collection (Cont’d)
 Regarding supervision of data collection, a statistician
appointed in each district by NISR assumed the role of
coordinator of field activities.
At national level, supervision team carried out mission to
intervene on the field and solve any problem occured.
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10.  Data collection (Cont’d)
The collection staff was composed of:
 428 Enumerators (working in the districts: 14 to 18 per
district)
 56 Controllers
i.e 2 controllers by district/stratum
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11. Data processing
 Data entry
using CSPro statistical software application
184 data entry clerks, 10 controllers, 3checkers, 3supervisors of coding
and 92 computers
Data entry was done during the period of data collection until December
2008
 Data cleaning and processing
A computer statistician consultant was recruited for the cleaning work and
data processing
Data processing was done From January to December 2009, this period
covering editin/ validation, computinf the expansion factor and tabulation
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12. Data analysis
An international consultant has been recruited to carry out the
analysis of NAS 2008.
The following steps were followed while analysing data for
NAS:
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13. Steps for data analysis NAS 2008
 Consultation of documents, technical and methodological
survey reports
 Consultations with partners
 Verifications of preliminary results of NAS 2008
 Collection and compilation of agricultural routine data
 Analysis of the NAS 2008 results and preparation of the
reports of analysed results
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14. 3. Themes 13 - Forestry and 15 -
Environment/greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
 Forestry
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15. 3. Themes 13 - Forestry and 15 -
Environment/greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
 Theme 13 – Forestry:
◦ Forestry practices and income (production)
◦ Distribution of agricultural households according to the presence of afforestations and the
wooden source for cooking
◦ Level and structure forestry income (in RWF)
◦ Agricultural households according to the presence or not of afforestations or scattered trees
on the holding
◦ Structure of forestry income
◦ Proportion of agricultural households having afforestations or scattered trees on the holding,
in 2008
 Theme 15 – GHG emissions:
◦ This theme was not covered during the NAS 2008
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16. 4. Main items of the theme assigned to Rwanda and
lessons learnt
 Demographic and social characteristics of agricultural
farmers
 Farms characteristics
 Agricultural practices and crop production
 Livestock practices and production
 Aquaculture and beekeeping practices
 Forestry practices and income as well as food stocks and
nutrition of agricultural households.
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17. Lessons learnt from Rwanda NAS
The agriculture sector is so complex that to capture it correctly
trough the implementation of a large national survey constitutes,
in itself, a big challenge.
Major lessons learnt:
- The weak institutional capacities, at all levels (Ministry
of Agriculture and Animal Resources –MINAGRI-, NISR,
Districts), in terms of professional experience in the
domain of agricultural statistics needs to be strenghtened
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18. Lessons learnt from Rwanda NAS
(Cont’d)
- The necessity of an active, continuous and sustainable
partnership btw producers and users of agriculture statistics
must prevail at all levels
- The testing of data collection and processing instruments,
from the start to the end of process, should be well
undertaken in advance to anticipate and avoid any difficulty
that may affect the good sequence of the activities and, as a
result, the data quality to be obtained.
- A special attention must be paid in the selection and training
of field staff so that they are well equiped to fulfill their
responsibilities.
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19. Lessons learnt from Rwanda NAS (Cont’d)
- The supervision of field work, the good verification and
correct codification of the collected data should receive
continuous attention to minimize non sampling errors.
- The required funds for the execution of operations, from the
start to the end (until the step of dissemination of the results),
should be well secured in advance
- The overall management of the survey should be adapted to
the complexity of the tasks so that the activities calendar is
not negatively affected.
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20. 5. Relevant links to the instruments, reports
with results and other census materials
 http://statistics.gov.rw/publication/national-agricultural-survey-report-nas-
2008
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21. Thank you for
your attention
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