Presentation given at the Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014.

1. Experiences
Energy
from
Crops
the
EVA-­‐benefits
Project
Soil
Improvement?
"Joint
project:
development
and
comparison
of
op1mized
Basic
cul1views
va1of
on
the
systems
EVA-­‐project
for
the
agricultural
produc1on
of
energy
crops
under
different
local
condi1ons
within
Germany“
Katharina
Winter
EVA-­‐Project
Coordina1on
Thüringer
Landesanstalt
für
LandwirtschaR
Jena,
Germany
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
1

2. EVA-­‐project
partner
and
test
fields
within
Germany
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
2

3. Nuclear power and fossil fuels no thanks
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
German
Renewable
Energies
Act
since
2000
nearly
8000
biogas
plants
in
2014
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
3
3

4. Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
4
4
substrates
for
the
biogas
plants
consist
of
50
%
agricultural
crops
land-­‐use
change:
2.4
mio
ha
cul1va1on
of
renewable
resources
=1/5
of
the
arable
land
(1.2
mio
ha
crops
for
biogas
substrates)

5. Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
5
5
most
produc1ve
crop
with
the
highest
methane
yield
→
maize

6. Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
6
6
Land-­‐use
change:
800
000
ha
or
30
%
more
cul1va1on
of
maize,
within
6
years

7. Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
7
7
The
German
Government
funds
the
EVA-­‐project
with
the
objec1ve:
• sustainable
cul1va1on
systems
of
energy
crops
• considera1on
of
protec1ve
goods:
biodiversity,
water,
soil,
climate
• prospect
for
maintaining
farms

8. EVA
crop
rota1ons
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
data:
dry
maber
yields,
methane
yields,
contribu1on
margin,
plant
health
of
winter
wheat
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
8
8
EVA
II
2009-­‐2013
crop
rotaCon
01
including
C3/C4-­‐
plants
and
summer-­‐
intermediate
crops
02
including
C3/C4-­‐
plants
with
50
%
cash
crops
03
including
C3/C4-­‐
plants
and
summer-­‐
and
winter-­‐
intermediate
crops
04
including
forage
mixtures
05
including
C3/C4-­‐
plants
with
50
%
cash
crops
07
maize
rota>on
as
referenece
2009
Winter
Barley
Sorghum
Sorghum
Maize
Summer
Barley
Oats
mixture
Maize
2010
Maize
Winter
Rye
Maize
Winter
Rye
Sorghum
Forage
Crops
Winter
TriCcale
Maize
2011
Winter
TriCcale
Phacelia
Winter
Tri>cale
Winter
TriCcale
anual
Ryegrass
Forage
Crops
Winter
Oilseed
Rape
Maize
2012
Winter
Wheat*
Winter
Wheat*
Winter
Wheat*
Winter
Wheat*
Winter
Wheat*
Winter
Wheat*
bold
=
whole-­‐crops
for
substrates,
standard
=
cash
crop
produc1on
*
in
Brandenburg
and
Sachsen
winter
rye
instead
of
winter
wheat

9. Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
9
9

10. results
from
the
EVA-­‐test
field
in
Thüringen
(Dornburg):
dry
maber
and
methane
yield
18000
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
16000
14000
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
10
figure:
J.
Eckner,
modified
10
mean
values
from
2005-­‐2013
(EVA
I
and
EVA
II)
change
in
the
CR-­‐systems
in
CR01
0
CR01
EVA
I
CR01
EVA
II
CR02
mean
EVA
II
CR03
mean
EVA
II
CR04
mean
EVA
II
CR05
mean
EVA
II
CR07
mean
EVA
II
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Methane
yield
[Nm³
CH4/ha]
Dry
maRer
yield
[Mg
DM/ha]
Dry
maber
yield

11. mean
values
from
2005-­‐2013
(EVA
I
and
EVA
II)
change
in
the
CR-­‐systems
in
CR01
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
11
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Results
from
the
EVA-­‐test
field
in
Thüringen
(Dornburg):
EVA-­‐contribu1on
margin
11
707
€
1,055
€
881
€
624
€
219
€
figure:
J.
Eckner,
modified
-­‐87
€
955
€
1,128
€
1,311
€
1,308
€
1,657
€
1,502
€
-­‐400
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
CR01
EVA
I
CR01
EVA
II
CR02
mean
EVA
II
CR03
mean
EVA
II
CR04
mean
EVA
II
CR05
mean
EVA
II
CR07
mean
EVA
II
-­‐12
-­‐2
8
18
28
38
48
58
EVA-­‐contribuCon
margin
[€/ha]
Dry
maRer
yield
[Mg
DM/ha]

12. Results
from
the
EVA-­‐test
field
in
Thüringen
(Dornburg):
indicators
for
ecological
evalua1on
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
abiotic
indicators
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
12
12
Data:
ZALF
CR01 CR02 CR03 CR04 CR05 CR07
Humus
[kg
Corg/(ha*a)]1 -­‐271 -­‐61 -­‐256 321 -­‐32 -­‐353
water
consumption
[mm/a]2 394 373 393 392 395 431
GHG-­‐emissions/product
[kg
CO2-­‐eq./(GJ
CH4*a)]3 5,0 8,5 5,8 4,0 7,2 4,2
GHG-­‐emissions/area
unit
[kg
CO2-­‐eq./ha*a]3 2,4 2,2 2,6 1,5 1,8 2,3
energy
input
[GJ/(ha*a)]4 25,5 23,3 27,5 17,8 19,5 23,3
EROI
(energy
return
on
energy
investment)4 4,8 3,0 4,0 5,4 3,3 5,9
biotic
indicators
habitat
for
birds
(breeding)
4
species
5 1,71 1,37 1,56 2,55 1,47 1,14
habitat
for
birds
(food)
3
species
5 2,65 2,31 2,72 5,02 1,32 1,74
1
VDLUFA
calculation,
modified
2
=evapotranspiration,
modeled
with
MONICA
3
modeled
with
MiLA
(ISO
14040) negativ
effect
4
modeleld
with
MiLA
(VDI
4600) positiv
or
less
negativ
effect
5
index
calculated
with
HVM

13. Summary
for
Thüringen:
Maize
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
as
a
3
year
series
(CR07)
furthermore
the
most
profitable
crop
for
substrate
produc1on
for
biogas
plants.
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
worst
effects
on
environmental
indicators,
like
humifica1on,
water
consump1on
and
biodiversity,
but
the
best
EROI
value.
with
summer
barley
and
biennial
forage
crops
(alfalfa-­‐grass-­‐mixture)
85
%
dry
maber
yield
of
CR07
second
best
economic
results
without
cash
crops
(75
%
contribu1on
margin
of
CR07)
posi1ve
effects
on
humifica1on
indicator
for
biodiversity
are
posi1ve
compared
with
all
other
CRs.
energy
input
and
GHG
emissions
has
the
lowest
values.
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
•
•
CR04
•
•
•
•
•
…combina1on
...
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•13
13

14. 70
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
60
50
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
40
30
20
10
Würbemberg
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
14
14
EVA
I+II
2005-­‐2013
site-­‐specific
crop
rota1on
yields
0
Bayern
Sachsen-­‐Anhalt
Thüringen
Baden-­‐
Mecklenburg-­‐
Vorpommern
Brandenburg
Sachsen
Niedersachsen
[Mg
DM/ha]
yields
of
5
crop
rotaCons
(2005-­‐2013)
CR01
CR02
CR03
CR04
CR05

15. Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
crop
rota1ons
include
combina1ons
of
C3-­‐plants
(maize,
sorghum)
and
C4-­‐plants
(cereals,
grass,
legumes
etc.)
like
in
CR01
and
CR03
show
high
yield
at
every
site
→
reducing
cul1va1on
risks
(weather)
…high
yields
but
reduced
humificaCon.
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•15
15
figure:
L.
Boese,
2013

16. General
results:
• Maize
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
is
furthermore
the
most
profitable
crop
for
substrate
produc1on
• Op1mal
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
culCvaCon
systems
for
stable
biomass
yields
combined
maize/sorghum
(C4)
with
cereal
whole
crop
use
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•16
(C3)
• Sorghum
is
preferable
in
drough
regions
• Site
specific
forage
crops
(
grass
and
clover-­‐grass
mixtures
in
regions
with
precipita1on
of
650
mm/a
and
more;
alfalfa
and
alfalfa-­‐
grass
mixtures
in
regions
with
less
precipita1on)
could
produce
sa1sfactory
results
16

17. sustainable
agriculture
• stable
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
organic
carbon
contents
for
soil
conserva1on
(erosion
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
preven1on)
• nutrient
holding
capaci1es
(reducing
N-­‐leaching
for
water
protec1on)
• Benefits
for
biodiversity
(perennial
crops
for
food
and
breeding
habitats)
→perennial
forage
crops
→nurse
crops
→green
manure
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•17
17

18. First
I
thank
all
my
EVA
collegues
from
the
different
ins1tu1ons
for
their
brilliant
work.
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
• Landesforschungsanstalt
für
LandwirtschaR
und
Fischerei
(LFA),
Mecklenburg-­‐Vorpommern
• Sächsisches
Landesamt
für
Umwelt,
LandwirtschaR
und
Geologie
(LfULG),
Sachsen
• LandwirtschaRliches
Basic
Technologiezentrum
views
of
the
Augustenberg
EVA-­‐project
(LTZ),
Baden-­‐Würbemberg
• Technologie-­‐
und
Förderzentrum
im
Kompetenzzentrum
für
Nachwachsende
Rohstoffe
• Thüringer
Landesanstalt
für
LandwirtschaR
(TLL),
Thüringen
• LandwirtschaRskammer
Niedersachsen
(LWKNS),
Niedersachen
• Landesamt
für
Ländliche
Entwicklung,
LandwirtschaR
und
Flurneuordnung
(LELF),
• Leibniz-­‐Ins1tut
für
Agrartechnik
Potsdam-­‐Bornim
(ATB),
Brandenburg
• Landesanstalt
für
LandwirtschaR,
Forsten
und
Gartenbau
(LLFG),
Sachsen-­‐Anhalt
• Fachhochschule
Kiel,
Schleswig-­‐Holstein
• Justus-­‐Liebig-­‐Universität
Gießen,
Hessen
• Leibniz-­‐Zentrum
für
AgrarlandschaRs-­‐
und
Landnutzungsforschung
(ZALF),
Brandenburg
• Universität
Kassel,
Hessen
• Julius-­‐Kühn-­‐Ins1tut,
Braunschweig,
Niedersachsen
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
(TFZ),
Bayern
Brandenburg
Katharina
Winter•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•
18
18

19. …..and
the
FNR
(Agency
for
Renewable
Resources)
and
BMEL
(Federal
Ministry
of
Food
and
Agriculture,
Germany)
for
funding
this
project.
Energy
Crops
benefits
Soil
Improvement?
Basic
views
of
the
EVA-­‐project
Then
I
want
to
thank
the
EBA
for
the
invita1on.
And
last
but
not
least
I
thank
you
for
your
aben1on.
Katharina
Winter_project
coordina1on
EVA_TLL_may
2014
Katharina
Winter
•
EVA
Project
Coordina1on
•
01.10.2014
•
Alkmaar
•19
19