Basics of AD.

1. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE:
PATHOGENESIS,
DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT
Devashish Mehta*, Amar Goyal, Kuldeep K.
Sharma.
devashishmehta7754@gmail.com

2. INTRODUCTION
 Alzheimer's disease is a
neurodegenerative brain disorder.
 It is the most common form of dementia.
 It usually starts in late middle age or in
old age(above 65years).
 It is characterized by progressive
memory loss.
 Formation of Neurofibrillary tangles and
plaques containing beta-amyloid cells.

3. CAUSES OF AD
 Increasing age
 History of a head injury
 Risk factors for blood vessel
disease such as smoking
 Heredity
 Obesity
 High blood pressure
 High cholesterol

4. Signs and Symptoms
At early stages of AD :
 Impairment in Memory
 Aphasia
 Apraxia
 Agnosia
 Mood changes
 Loss of spontaneity and initiative

5. At progressive AD:
 Increasing short-term memory loss
and confusion
 Feelings of restlessness
 Loss of appetite
 Personality changes

6. Stages of AD
 Stage 1: Normal
 Stage 2: Normal aged forgetfulness
 Stage 3: Mild cognitive impairment
 Stage 4: Mild Alzheimer’s
 Stage 5: Moderate Alzheimer’s
disease
 Stage 6: Moderately severe
Alzheimer’s disease
 Stage 7: Severe Alzheimer’s disease

7. PATHOGENSIS

8. Pathophysiology
 R.O.S.( Reactive oxygen species)
generation.
 Deposition of Amyloid β( Aβ42)
 Hyperphosphorylation of Tau Protein
 Neurofibrillary Tangles (NFT)
Formation
 Inflammation

9. Healthy Brain vs AD Brain

10. DIAGNOSIS OF AD
• Psychiatric assessments.
• Mental status examination and neuro
psychological assessment.
• Laboratory tests.
• Brain imaging : CT scan, MRI
• CSF Examination
• Electro-encephalogram (EEG)

11. TREATMENT STRATGIES
 Non – Pharmacological
 Meditation
 YOGA
 Panchkarma
 Pharmacological
 Allopathic
 Ayurvedic

12. Allopathic Treatment
 Cholinesterase inhibitor( eg.-
Donepezil, Galantamine, Tacrine)
 HMG Co A reductase inhibitor(eg.-
Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Lovastatin)
 Non- Statin Hypolipidaemics (eg.-
Probucol)
 NMDA receptor antagonist

13. Ayurvedic Treatment
 Brahmi Vati
 Shunkhpushpi
 Jatamansi
 Badam