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O desafio da escolha de uma opção
para o tratamento de lixo domiciliar
1. A Situação Atual

  Do ponto de vista sanitário e ambiental
  (agressões ao meio ambiente e à saúde da
  população,  recuperação de   recursos não
  renováveis)
  Do ponto de vista econômico
  Do ponto de vista social
  Do ponto de vista da sociedade
  Informações gerais:
  • População, quantidade e tipologia dos resíduos,
    gravimetria, a qualidade e abrangência dos
    serviços prestados
2. Porque se deseja uma nova opção

   Questões ambientais e sanitárias?

   Questões sociais?

   Demandas da população?

   Exigências institucionais?

   Questões econômicas?
3. A implementação de uma nova solução
para o tratamento dos resíduos
3.1 Barreiras
     Vontade política
     Recursos econômicos
     Competência técnica
     Infraestrutura
     Áreas disponíveis em localização adequada
     Qualidade do sistema de limpeza urbana
     Marco legal
     Limitações da arrecadação de impostos
3.2 Disponibilidades
     Recursos econômicos e humanos

     Infraestrutura

     Áreas livres

     Características socio-culturais e
     demandas da população

     Capacidade de pagamento
4. A Questão Econômica

4.1 Estabelecimento de uma linha de base, em
    função de:

    Expectativas ambientais

    Disponibilidade orçamentária do município

    Capacidade de aumento de arrecadação
4.2 Escolha da nova opção:
     Premissas
      O sistema funcionando de forma integral e
      satisfatória
      A mínima garantia de estabilidade a longo
      prazo – envolvimento da população (Lagos)
      Que seja economicamente viável e de
      acordo com as possibilidades do município
      (Cusco)
      Se é uma solução municipal ou estadual
5. Estudos de caso: Usina do Caju

    Linha de base: CTR Rio: R$ 38,00/t

    Premissas COMLURB: aspectos sociais e
    tecnológicos

    Estudo BID

    Estudo EFACEC
USINA DO CAU - BALANÇO DE MASSA
USINA DO CAJU - MINI BUSINESS PLAN – MIX
            TECNOLÓGICO
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
  OF EMERGING PLASTICS CONVERSION
           TECHNOLOGIES
          JANUARY 10, 2012

 Prepared for
 American Chemistry Council
 700 2nd Street, NE
 Washington, DC 20002
 Prepared by
 RTI International
 3040 Cornwallis Road
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709‐2194
Purpose


This study, commissioned by the American
Chemistry Council’s Plastics Division and conducted
by RTI International, investigated the range of
emerging waste conversion technologies that use
plastics as all or a portion of their feedstocks. The
focus of the study was to report on the
environmental aspects of the technologies, using a
life cycle approach, and to report what is known
about the economics of these technologies.
1. A range of conversion technologies are
   already technologically feasible, and more
   may be possible.

The study identified 41 conversion technologies
facilities in development, in demonstration phase, or
in full‐scale commercialization. The primary feature
differentiating technologies is the feedstock. Pyrolysis
technologies are generally suited to handling
feedstock      from    waste     plastics;  gasification
technologies are generally suited to accepting MSW;
anaerobic digestion and concentrated acid hydrolysis
are more suited for organic wastes.
2. Conversion technologies are expected to
   begin breaking through to commercial
   viability with a short horizon – in 5 to 10
   years.

Plastics‐to‐oil pyrolysis technologies are generally
closer to full scale commercialization than MSW‐based
technologies (typically gasification), in part because of
the more consistent feedstock composition and supply
for the former.
3. Life‐cycle environmental review shows that
  waste     conversion     technologies   have
  significant environmental benefits in energy
  saved and greenhouse gases averted
  compared to landfill disposal.
Specifically, the study estimated that gasification
(excluding energy production and materials recycling
offsets) of MSW saves 6.5–13 million Btu (MMBtu) per
ton as compared to landfill disposal. Pyrolysis of
waste plastics saves 1.8–3.6 MMBtu per ton as
compared to landfill disposal. Likewise, study results
show that gasification of MSW saves 0.3–0.6 tons of
carbon equivalent (TCE) emissions per ton of MSW
treated as compared to landfill disposal. Pyrolysis of
waste plastics saves 0.15–0.25 TCE emissions per
ton as compared to landfill disposal.
4. The primary drivers for waste conversion
   technologies   include   economic    and
   noneconomic aspects.
Key drivers include the alternate costs for disposition
of the waste (generally landfill costs), meeting waste
diversion goals and targets, and developing alternative
energy sources.
5. The study finds that waste conversion
   technologies are already able to produce
   fuel outputs at lower costs than landfill
   disposition in some regions.

Survey data indicates that the cost to process the
waste is approximately $50 per ton (for pyrolysis and
gasification technologies), and is generally related to
the cost of electricity or fuel required to run the
process. U.S. averages for landfill disposal and
recycling, for comparison, range from $30‐75/ton
depending on region.
IPLA
United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD)

International Partnership for Expanding Waste
Management Services of Local Authorities (IPLA).
“Moving towards Zero Waste for a                  Green
Economy – Role of Local Authorities”
IPLA is a “decentralized network” and a "knowledge
platform" whereby local authorities and public waste
utilities could gain access to meaningful information,
and interact and network with partner institutions
(cities, private sector, professionals and research
institutions, international financial institutions, UN and
donor organizations, etc.) engaged in sustainable
waste management
Consulte mais informações sobre
          Meio Ambiente e Resíduos Sólidos:

                www.comlurb.com.br

             www.web-resol.org

Assine gratuitamente a newsletter e receba regularmente
  informações sobre a gestão de resíduos no Brasil e no
                         mundo!

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Rotas tecnológicas para o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos

  • 1.
  • 2. O desafio da escolha de uma opção para o tratamento de lixo domiciliar
  • 3. 1. A Situação Atual Do ponto de vista sanitário e ambiental (agressões ao meio ambiente e à saúde da população, recuperação de recursos não renováveis) Do ponto de vista econômico Do ponto de vista social Do ponto de vista da sociedade Informações gerais: • População, quantidade e tipologia dos resíduos, gravimetria, a qualidade e abrangência dos serviços prestados
  • 4. 2. Porque se deseja uma nova opção Questões ambientais e sanitárias? Questões sociais? Demandas da população? Exigências institucionais? Questões econômicas?
  • 5. 3. A implementação de uma nova solução para o tratamento dos resíduos 3.1 Barreiras Vontade política Recursos econômicos Competência técnica Infraestrutura Áreas disponíveis em localização adequada Qualidade do sistema de limpeza urbana Marco legal Limitações da arrecadação de impostos
  • 6. 3.2 Disponibilidades Recursos econômicos e humanos Infraestrutura Áreas livres Características socio-culturais e demandas da população Capacidade de pagamento
  • 7. 4. A Questão Econômica 4.1 Estabelecimento de uma linha de base, em função de: Expectativas ambientais Disponibilidade orçamentária do município Capacidade de aumento de arrecadação
  • 8. 4.2 Escolha da nova opção: Premissas O sistema funcionando de forma integral e satisfatória A mínima garantia de estabilidade a longo prazo – envolvimento da população (Lagos) Que seja economicamente viável e de acordo com as possibilidades do município (Cusco) Se é uma solução municipal ou estadual
  • 9. 5. Estudos de caso: Usina do Caju Linha de base: CTR Rio: R$ 38,00/t Premissas COMLURB: aspectos sociais e tecnológicos Estudo BID Estudo EFACEC
  • 10. USINA DO CAU - BALANÇO DE MASSA
  • 11. USINA DO CAJU - MINI BUSINESS PLAN – MIX TECNOLÓGICO
  • 12. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF EMERGING PLASTICS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES JANUARY 10, 2012 Prepared for American Chemistry Council 700 2nd Street, NE Washington, DC 20002 Prepared by RTI International 3040 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709‐2194
  • 13. Purpose This study, commissioned by the American Chemistry Council’s Plastics Division and conducted by RTI International, investigated the range of emerging waste conversion technologies that use plastics as all or a portion of their feedstocks. The focus of the study was to report on the environmental aspects of the technologies, using a life cycle approach, and to report what is known about the economics of these technologies.
  • 14. 1. A range of conversion technologies are already technologically feasible, and more may be possible. The study identified 41 conversion technologies facilities in development, in demonstration phase, or in full‐scale commercialization. The primary feature differentiating technologies is the feedstock. Pyrolysis technologies are generally suited to handling feedstock from waste plastics; gasification technologies are generally suited to accepting MSW; anaerobic digestion and concentrated acid hydrolysis are more suited for organic wastes.
  • 15. 2. Conversion technologies are expected to begin breaking through to commercial viability with a short horizon – in 5 to 10 years. Plastics‐to‐oil pyrolysis technologies are generally closer to full scale commercialization than MSW‐based technologies (typically gasification), in part because of the more consistent feedstock composition and supply for the former.
  • 16. 3. Life‐cycle environmental review shows that waste conversion technologies have significant environmental benefits in energy saved and greenhouse gases averted compared to landfill disposal. Specifically, the study estimated that gasification (excluding energy production and materials recycling offsets) of MSW saves 6.5–13 million Btu (MMBtu) per ton as compared to landfill disposal. Pyrolysis of waste plastics saves 1.8–3.6 MMBtu per ton as compared to landfill disposal. Likewise, study results show that gasification of MSW saves 0.3–0.6 tons of carbon equivalent (TCE) emissions per ton of MSW treated as compared to landfill disposal. Pyrolysis of waste plastics saves 0.15–0.25 TCE emissions per ton as compared to landfill disposal.
  • 17. 4. The primary drivers for waste conversion technologies include economic and noneconomic aspects. Key drivers include the alternate costs for disposition of the waste (generally landfill costs), meeting waste diversion goals and targets, and developing alternative energy sources.
  • 18. 5. The study finds that waste conversion technologies are already able to produce fuel outputs at lower costs than landfill disposition in some regions. Survey data indicates that the cost to process the waste is approximately $50 per ton (for pyrolysis and gasification technologies), and is generally related to the cost of electricity or fuel required to run the process. U.S. averages for landfill disposal and recycling, for comparison, range from $30‐75/ton depending on region.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. IPLA United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of Local Authorities (IPLA). “Moving towards Zero Waste for a Green Economy – Role of Local Authorities” IPLA is a “decentralized network” and a "knowledge platform" whereby local authorities and public waste utilities could gain access to meaningful information, and interact and network with partner institutions (cities, private sector, professionals and research institutions, international financial institutions, UN and donor organizations, etc.) engaged in sustainable waste management
  • 24. Consulte mais informações sobre Meio Ambiente e Resíduos Sólidos: www.comlurb.com.br www.web-resol.org Assine gratuitamente a newsletter e receba regularmente informações sobre a gestão de resíduos no Brasil e no mundo!