This document discusses the components and design of a green building in India. It provides details of the electrical load calculation and sizing of the solar PV system to power the building. The building would use a 3KW solar PV system with a 2.5KVA inverter to meet its 4KW peak load. It also includes specifications for the solar water heater, solar air heater, and solar cooker to utilize solar energy for heating and cooking needs. The methodology section outlines the research approach, including literature reviews, data collection from construction projects, and identifying new green building techniques.

1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OE TECHNOLOGY, JAMSEDPUR
http://www.nitjsr.ac.in dept. of Energy System Engineering
1
AN ASSIGNMENT PAPER ON GREEN BUILDING RESEARCH
Submitted by- Chandan Kumar
ABSTRACT
Green building technology is one of the most trending topics all over the world which is been put
forward to reduce the significant impact of the construction industry on the environment, society and
economy. The globe is in an urgent need of sustainable and a smart development as the problem of
pollution and global warming is rapidly increasing all over the world. A drastic climate changes also
been noticed and being experienced all over the world due to increase in the Green House Gases
(GHG). In the developed countries like United States of America, Russia, Australia, United Kingdom,
there are already strict measures been taken to achieve a sustainable development and also rules
and regulations are been made by their respective governments to support and achieve a sustainable
and an eco-friendly development of their nations.
Introduction
A 'green' building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates
negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment. Green
buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve our quality of life.
Green Building promotes the efficiency of buildings with regards to the use of water, energy and
materials while reducing the building's impact on individual's health and the environment through
better design, construction, operation, maintenance and removal.
Components of Green Building
1. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
2. Water Efficiency.
3. Environmentally Preferable Building Materials and Specifications.
4. Waste Reduction.
5. Toxics Reduction.
6. Indoor Air Quality.
7. Smart Growth and Sustainable Development.
Methodology
This study is aimed at research, study and development of the green building construction
techniques in order to save our planet from pollution and global temperature rise. Also, it aims at
spreading awareness among the people all over the world, about the advantages and also the long -
term cost savings from green buildings.
Further, the structural methodology is structured as below:
1. Introduction
2. Literature survey
3. To study the research papers, articles and magazines related to the topic of study.
4. Data collection from the proposed areas of study which includes large, medium and small-
scale construction projects.
5. Finding out new ways and techniques for development of green construction.

2. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OE TECHNOLOGY, JAMSEDPUR
http://www.nitjsr.ac.in dept. of Energy System Engineering
2
A 2 BHK of Green building-
Equipment/Appliances:
2 Bedrooms : 2 x 2 Bulbs, 2 x 1 Tube lights, 2 x 1 Fans, 1 AC.
1Hall : 2 Bulbs, 1 Fan, 1 TV, 1Aquarium light.
1Kitchen : 1 Bulb, 1Refrigerator, 1 Grinder/mixer, 1 Exhaust Fan, 1 solar-cooker.
2 Bathrooms : 2 x 1 bulbs, 2 x 1 Exhaust fan.
Electrical Analysis: -
*assuming 3star rating of AC, Energy efficiency ratio of 3 star (EER)=2.7
Cooling capacity of 1Ton AC=3517Watt
AC power consumption by 1.5 Ton AC= 1.5 x 3517/2.7 = 1973Watt
* Diversity factor is defined as the ratio of the sum of the maximum demands of the
various part of a system to the coincident maximum demand of the whole system. The
maximum demands of the individual consumers of a group do not occur simultaneously.
Thus, there is a diversity in the occurrence of the load. Due to this diverse nature of the
load, full load power supply to all the consumers at the same time is not required.
= 4068/3000
Diversity factor for solar PV plant ~ 1.356
S.
no.
Name of Electrical
Appliances
qty rating Power
consumed
1 Bulbs 9 10W 90W
2 Tube lights 2 40W 80W
3 Fan 4 60W 240W
4 Air conditioner (1.5Ton) 1 1973W 1973W
5 Tv 1 60W 60W
6 Refrigerator 1 250W 250W
7 Mixer/Grinder 1 500W 500W
8 Exhaust Fan 3 40W 120W
9 Aquarium light 1 9W 9W
10 Water pump 1 746W 746W
TOTAL ELECTRICAL POWER 4068W (~4KW)

3. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OE TECHNOLOGY, JAMSEDPUR
http://www.nitjsr.ac.in dept. of Energy System Engineering
3
Solar PV plant capacity calculation-
The maximum load applied at a time = 2500W to 3000W
Max current required to load= power/voltage
= 2500/24 ~ 104 Amps … (peak current reqd. to load)
Total current produced by the Solar = 3000/24= 125 Amp … (under normal operating
condition)
Charging current continuously available to the battery= 125-104
= 21 Amps (under peak load cond.)
Charging current available to battery under off peak load cond. = 110 to 120 Amps
size of battery required for backup in night = total current reqd. for load x hours (backup)
= 104 x 12 ~ 1200 Ampere-hour
• Mostly AC (a heavy load) working time is from 11am to 4pm (~5 hrs in a day)
• Availability of solar power is from 8am to 6pm (~10 hrs in a day)
• At the time of peak load, the solar cell will supply energy to the load.
• During off peak hours solar will charge the battery (incl. AC off hours).
• As there is less availability of solar energy in winter, no use of AC, for heating
scenario there will a solar air heater.
*The whole set up can run easily on 3kilowatt solar power rating.
*pyranometer is used to detect the intensity of solar radiation. Fig. pyranometer
*solar set up should be skewed with an angle 190 for higher efficiency in India.
* Use polycrystalline solar instead of mono crystalline solar for better current optimization.
INVERTER CAPACITY-
A 3KW, MPPT,24V DC, 230volt 50Hz AC, 2.5KVA inverter is required.
*MPPT stands for Maximum Power Point Tracker. It is a circuit (typically a DC to DC converter) employed in
the majority of modern photovoltaic inverters. Its function is to maximize the energy available from the
connected solar module arrays at any time during its operation.
Solar Water Heater-
The system normally consisting of a collector and a container which may be integral, close coupled
or remote, and which heats water by means of radiant energy from the sun. It is normal for solar
water heaters to be either fitted with or connected to a supplementary heating source.

4. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OE TECHNOLOGY, JAMSEDPUR
http://www.nitjsr.ac.in dept. of Energy System Engineering
4
Solar Air Heater-
A solar air heater is an active system as opposed to a passive system. ... Drawing on the
principle that warm air rises and cool air sinks, the solar air heater pulls cooled air from the
bottom of a room, circulates it through the solar collector where it picks up heat, then blows
the warmed air back into the room. Performance varies depending, in part, on how much
solar energy is available at the site and also on how cold the Air comes into the system.
However, on cloudy days also, if it is for a day or two, you still get warm Air as Air gets
heated due to diffused radiation available in the atmosphere.
Solar cooker-
A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or
pasteurize drink and other food materials. Many solar cookers currently in use are relatively
inexpensive, low-tech devices, although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional
stoves, because they use no fuel and cost nothing to operate, many non-profit organizations
are promoting their use worldwide in order to help reduce fuel costs and air pollution, and
to help slow down deforestation and desertification.
100 LPD (litre per day) Solar Water Heating System
Number of solar flat plate collectors required 01
Collector Type COPPER with Chrome Coated
Collector dimensions (per collector)
2. 066 M2
2120 * 1040 * 100 mm (+/- 10 mm)
Total Space required for the Collector 2. 066 M2
Space required for hot water insulated Tank 1 M2
Collector weight (per collector) 47. 5 Kg
Total Collector Weight for the System 47. 5 Kg
Solar insulated hot water tank capacity 100 LPD
Minimum temperature of heated water Around 75 degree Celsius
Type of hot water storage tank Graded Stainless Steel
Capacity 25 m2 to 1000 m2
Automation Grade Automatic
Usage/Application Used as air heater in the day of winter
Dimensions 6.5 ft x 3 ft
Operating Temperature 600 to 650 C
Energy output 10,000 Kcal/hr to 4,10,000 Kcal/hr

5. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OE TECHNOLOGY, JAMSEDPUR
http://www.nitjsr.ac.in dept. of Energy System Engineering
5
Source Appliances details-
References:
1. Mr. Apoorva v. kotkar1, prof. Hemant salunkhe2 (2017) A Review Paper on Green
Building Research.
2. Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), https://beeindia.gov.in/
3. The economic benefits of green building-year book 2009-10, Australia Bureau of statics,
Canberra, Australia; 2010.
4. Indiamart, https://dir.indiamart.com/
5. Wikipedia.
Usage/Application Cooking
Capacity 4 Jars
Shape Dish and parabolic
Material MS (A reflector metal)
Minimum reqd.
Quantity
2 Number
S. no. Name of Source
Appliances
Ratings/
Specifications
qty Space reqd. (meter)
length width
1. Solar PV plant(3KW) 300W, 24V each 10 16 12
2. Solar Inverter 2.5KVA, 24V 1 - -
3. Solar water heater 100LPD, 750C 1 2.120 1.040
4. Solar air heater 25-1000m2 1 2 0.75
5. Solar cooker Depends on uses 1 radius of 0.75m