1. FEATS Project Agricultural Development and Trade Landlocked Status, Agricultural Productivity and Trade Facilitation Zambian Case Presenter Maximilian Mainza

2. Outline Introduction agricultural productivity landlockedness and Trade facilitation Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Introduction The Zambian economy represent an extraordinary case of an undiversified and landlocked economy. The economy has since 2001 steadily grown at an average of 4.5% challenges faced by the Zambian government The Zambian Government recognise the significance of the agriculture sector

4. Introduction The study was undertaken in two phases by drawing on both qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches. First phase focused on Secondary literature and primary data collection ( stakeholder interviews) Second Phase focused on a case study of an agricultural area ( Mumbwa district) to further interrogate the findings of phase one among the affected communities.

5. Agricultural Productivity Generally there is a downward trend in agriculture productivity among small-scale farmers for most of the crops. Data shows that the labour is more productive in industry as compared with agriculture. It is evident that if Zambia is to exploit its export potential there is a need to increase smallholder productivity in these crops. the total livestock population of Goats, cattle and pigs are far less than the human population.

6. Agricultural Productivity Factors affecting Crop productivity include: neglect of the sector/government failure, dependence on rain, research and development for improved seed varieties, weak business orientation of farmers, high transaction costs problems, land tenure system, trade policies, limited agricultural finance , etc

7. Agricultural Productivity Factors affecting Livestock productivity include: prevalence of animal diseases; high cost of veterinary drugs; inadequate livestock nutrition and water; poor animal husbandry practices/management; inadequate marketing infrastructure; lack of appropriate livestock research, etc

8. landlockedness and Trade facilitation Zambia's land-locked status makes it potentially harder to reach export markets and realize economies of scale, as well as access cheap import. Priority needs include: improving efficiency in customs administration through upgrading the customs infrastructure; upgrading road and rail networks and reducing transport costs; Integrating border agencies and developing a single processing and payment window, etc

9. landlockedness and Trade facilitation However, landlockedness is also advantageous in some ways. The country borders eight other countries and is the origin, destination or transit country for five of the eighteen major transit corridors in sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is a beneficiary of a number of technical assistance activities in the area of trade facilitation.

10. Recommendations Government to increases its expenditure especially on feeder roads, extension services and key irrigation infrastructure for small-scale farmers. Government to ensure fairness in the cash crops sector Government as a custodian of land must ensure grant and enforcement of land rights The government should properly coordinate the activities of these donors to ensure effective and efficient use of funds. Government to investment in irrigation facilities.

11. Recommendations Government to investment in feeding stocks Out-Grower Schemes sponsors should provide a transparent production and marketing chain. scheme sponsors in collaboration with the farmers design contracts that are balanced in terms of risks, incentives and fairly applied enforcement modalities. Scheme sponsors must also ensure that inputs and other services are delivered timely and handled properly.

12. Recommendations CSOs should continue strengthening the research and information dissemination to all stakeholders. CSOs must work closely with the government It is recommended that CSOs design programmes targeted at sensitising the farmers on the commercial side of agriculture. Donors to provide assistance to small-scale agriculture productivity

13. Recommendations Government should continue to participate actively in global and regional trade negotiations and strategies Government should implement a comprehensive and coordinated policy related to trade facilitation Donors to lobby their governments to reduce market access and entry barriers Donors to Assist in the development and smooth functioning of various corridors to reduce the costs of imports and exports.

14. Recommendations Regional Organizations should bolster the already vibrant informal cross-border trade They must make trade in agricultural products more transparent and reduce technical barriers to regional trade. COMESA and SADC should also coordinate their initiatives related to trade facilitation with a view to substantially reducing the costs of trading among their member countries

15. End Thank You