2. COMPONENTS OF POWER SYSTEM
Electrical power system mainly consist of three systems
or components:
Generating system
Transmission system
Distribution system
Transmission system transmits electrical energy in bulk,
generally from generating stations to the primary
substations.
Distribution system is the system from which electrical
energy is distributed to various consumers such as
domestic, commercial, industrial, non commercial etc
3.
4. PURPOSE OF ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
Efficient interconnection of the electric
energy producing power plants or generating
stations with the loads.
5. COMPONENTS OF A TRANSMISSION LINE
Conductor
Earth wire
Insulator
Transmission
Tower
Wave trap and other
hardware(Clamp,
Spacer, Vibration
dampers,
connectors etc.
5
14. POWER TRANSMISSION COMPANY
NEPAL LIMITED (PTCN)
Subsidiary of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)
was established with the main objective of
development of high voltage transmission
interconnection between Nepal and India for the
mutual interest and benefit of both the countries.
The section of Dhalkebar- Muzaffarpur 400kV
double circuit Transmission Line lying with in
Nepalese territory was successfully constructed
by PTCN and commissioned in February 2016.
The completion of full-fledged 220kV substation
at Dhalkebar, by December 2016 and quantum
of power is imported from India.
15. FUTURE EXTENSION
To optimise the energy grid, NEA has identified
and planned six cross-border interconnection
corridors and 11 transmission lines, with a
proposed 22,000 MW generation within 2035.
A review is in process and will study the
requirements and feasibility of major
transmission projects such as East-West
transmission highway of 400 kV and 765 kV,
Mid-hill transmission corridors of 400 and
220 kV and North-South corridors of 220 and
400 kV, according to NEA.
16. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Distribution line generally consist of
Feeders
Distributors
Service mains
It is further classified on the basis of voltage
Primary distribution system- 11 KV or 6.6 KV or 3.3 KV
Secondary distribution system- 415 V or 230 V
17.
18. 1.Radial Distribution system
only one/single path is connected between
each Distributor and substation
Fault occurs either on feeder or a distributor,
all the consumers connected to that
distributor will get affected.
In Nepal, almost all
the distribution of power
is by radial distribution
system only
CLASSIFICATION OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
19. 2.Ring main Distribution system
Feeder covers the whole area of supply in
the ring fashion and finally terminates at the
substation from where it is started.
Closed loop form and looks like a ring.
20. IN CONTEXT OF NEPAL
In FY 2015/16, total number of consumers
under NEA reached 29, 69,576 an increase
of 3.54% over the last fiscal year’s figure.
In comparison to the previous years, less
increase in consumer number in last fiscal
year by 2.17% was due to insufficient
availability of energy meters.
23. LOSS REDUCTION ACTIVITIES
Feeder-wise loss evaluation was continued and
extra load shedding hours were set for high loss
prone feeders earlier.
Distribution centers were assigned loss targets
to achieve within the prescribed time frame.
In many high non technical loss prone areas,
losses are reduced by the use of Ariel Bundled
Conductor (ABC) cable.
Upgrading of overloaded conductors and
transformers
The electromechanical meters of the consumers
of capacity 25-50 kVA range continued to be
replaced with electronic (TOD) meters.
24. LOSS REDUCTION ACTIVITIES CNTD.
During the FY 2015/16, a total of 31,127
numbers of consumer lines were
disconnected from which Rs 328.21
(millions) was recovered. Similarly legal
action was taken against 3,957 consumers
for electricity pilferage and Rs 33.58
(millions) was recovered from it
25. FUTURE PLANS AND PROGRAMS
For high system loss,DCSD is trying to make
every effort to bring down the distribution
system loss which contributes in substantial
proportion.
use of new technologies and capacity
building to meet the challenges of new
environment
Project for Energy Efficiency through Loss
Reduction
26. FUTURE PLANS AND PROGRAMS CNTD.
establishment centralized customer care
center to ensure single point of contact for all
consumer related activities.
NEA is planning to implement Automatic
Meter Reading (AMR) system.
27. REFERENCE
Grid Solar and Energy Efficiency Project
(GSEEP) Distribution System Loss
Reduction Master Plan
http://www.nea.org.np
https://np.linkedin.com
A Feeder is conductor which connects the substation to the area where power is to be distributed .
Feeder are used to feed the electrical power from the generating station to the substation
No tapings are taken from the feeder
So the current in it remains the same throughout
Main consideration in the design of feeder is the Current carrying capacity.
A distributer is a conductor from which tapings are taken from pole mounted transformer to the consumer
The current through a distributer is not constant because tapings are taken at various places along its length
Voltage drop is main consideration
Limit of variation is 6% of rated at consumer
A service mains is a generally a small cable which connects the distributer to the consumer ‘s meter.
The connecting links between the distributor and the consumer terminals.
However,it was expected to increase substantially once the energy meters are available in the fi rst quarter ofthe FY 2016/17.
