Improving Planetary and Human Health with Agricultural Biodiversity
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1) Current food systems are failing both human and planetary health as they underproduce fruits and vegetables, lead to poor diets as the number one global health risk, and put pressure on planetary boundaries. 2) Diversifying diets and agricultural production systems can simultaneously improve human health and sustainability by increasing consumption of underutilized but nutritious species. 3) Initiatives are working to mainstream millets and biodiversity in India and develop an Agrobiodiversity Index to incentivize policies and investments that integrate agrobiodiversity into food systems and build food/nutrition security and resilient agriculture.
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Improving Planetary and Human Health with Agricultural Biodiversity
- 1. Ann Tutwiler, Director General, Bioversity International Improving Planetary and Human Health with Agricultural Biodiversity Inaugural Planetary Health/GeoHealth Annual Meeting, 29 April 2017 @anntutwiler Photo:KrishnasisGhosh
- 2. Food Systems Are Failing Human Health: Poor Diets World’s Number One Health Risk
- 3. Food Systems Are Failing Human Health: Globally Under-producing Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts Adapted from Murray (EAT 2014)
- 4. Food Systems Are Failing Planetary Health: Leading Cause of Pressure on Planetary Boundaries Steffen et al., 2016
- 5. Diversifying Diets and Production Systems Can Simultaneously Improve Human and Planetary Health D Tilman & M Clark Nature 000, 1-5 (2014) doi:10.1038/nature13959
- 6. 73 high potential but underused species selected and characterized for nutritional content including: Acca sellowiana: Native fruit to Southern Brazil, high in fiber, Vitamin C, and a good source of minerals Photo:c/oRussellStreet/Flickr Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems: Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Initiative
- 7. Photos:TopLeft–FingerMillet,BioversityInternational/N.Capozio.TopRight:CultivatingMillet,BioversityInternational/S.Padulosi BottomRight:MilletSnacksonDisplayandChildrenCelebrateMilletsataFoodFair.Credit:NUSCommunity Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems: Mainstreaming Millets in India
- 8. The Agrobiodiversity Index: Creating Incentives for Countries and Companies The Agrobiodiversity Index will guide and incentivize public and private policies and investments to mainstream agrobiodiversity to build: • food and nutrition security • resilient food production systems The Index can be applied at the value chain, corporate, and landscape, national and global scale.
- 9. Thank you www.bioversityinternational.org/subscribe @BioversityInt M. Ann Tutwiler a.tutwiler@cgiar.org @anntutwiler
Hinweis der Redaktion
- 4 minute speedtalk Submit final presentation by 10am Thursday April 27th to Amalia Almada (Amalia_almada@g.Harvard.edu)
- The risks that poor diets pose to mortality and morbidity is now greater than the combined risks of unsafe sex, alcohol, drug and tobacco use (27% v 16%) Six of the top 11 risk factors (such as child and maternal malnutrition, high blood pressure, high body mass index and high cholesterol) driving the global burden of disease are related to diet. Consumption: Population growth and increasing urbanization are coinciding with an increase of health problems related to poor nutrition around the world. Around 800 million people suffer from insecure food supplies, while 2.1 billion people are obese or overweight. At the same time, 2 billion people lack essential vitamins and minerals critical for growth and development, such as vitamin A, iron and zinc. It is important to note that often these forms of malnutrition co-exist. Sources: Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. 2014 FAO: The State of Food and Agriculture 2014 Global Hunger Index 2014 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014) IPCC WGII AR5 Summary for Policymakers in: Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 44 p.
- The global supply of fruits and vegetables falls, on average, 22% short of population need according to nutrition recommendations (2015 paper based on 2009 data) http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0104059 Supply: Need of fruits and vegetables ratio: Global: 0,78 Low income: 0,42 Low - Middle income: 0,63 Upper-middle income: 0,87 High income: 1,02 MEAT: FAO 2012: Meat supply varies from region to region USA leads by far with over 322 grams of meat per person per day (Next positions are Australia and New Zealand) Asia consumes 25% of the USA’s consumption but large differences: China 160 grams per day, India only 12 grams a day The average meat consumption globally is 115 grams per day (all number supplied as a median, supply and need reported in millions of kilos of fruits and vegetables, Country income level based on World Bank) MEAT STAT HERE?
- Need for a new paradigm NOTE ANN: Kew Gardens report (last year) on causes of the loss of biodiversity. They are talking about all plant species on the IUCN red list (so not agrobiodiversity per se). But they put the loss of red listed vascular plant diversity attributable to climate/weather at 4%. The largest single contributor is agriculture (31%). Net largest is biological resource use (logging and gathering of terrestrial plants) at 21%. A bigger message is that agriculture itself is the largest contributor to biodiversity loss—within the agro component as well as vascular plants in general. Sources: Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet Steffen et al., 2016 http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/1259855 Note: Novel entities are defined as new substances, new forms of existing substances, and modified life forms that have the potential for unwanted geophysical and/or biological effects Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13280-016-0793-6/fulltext.html
- Source: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v515/n7528/fig_tab/nature13959_ft.html
- Let me walk you through 5 steps taken by BFN Initiative in Brazil to demonstrate its scaling potential Photo: russellstreet c/o Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/russellstreet/6111939924/in/photolist-hw1EAx-aj3Dxe-3De7ip-e4Sf9T-aj3A7V-e41m5z-aj6hNy-e41kHK-aaro2c-c2yJ3A-e46Z2b-Bt8tPc-9iDrjw-9iDsBq-9iAjM4-9iAiLX-9iDtG1-8TknV4-aj3x8H-e41moK-9BmG4F-aj3Aa6-5xojTP-nLNtbk-c2yHyj-JEeejS-e41meB-4RMtEg-e41kYV-c2yJxY-c2yHMS-9iAi92-c2yJjf-5LSae2-7HWeX-7HWfr-e66641-4LLhpe-rN4rG8-9rXEMR-4LQtnS-K3JmcM-K3Jk68-K3Jjet-KxWyGq-KWjqJ1-KWjo3E-KWjjC3-K3J9T4-K3J8GX
- A tale of a rediscovered food for healthy people and a healthy planet. 10-12 minutes story-telling session about millet – a great example of rediscovering tradeoffs lost in the search for yield Many of these nutritious health fad foods are being lost from menus and fields in their traditional homes Minor millets are helping to bring nutrition and sustainable agricultural production to India with some added ingredients of women’s empowerment and income opportunities along the way Production is inefficient as a result of the lack of suitable higher-yielding varieties, poor quality seed, and unimproved cultivation practices. Traditional processing methods condemn the women who prepare millets to considerable daily drudgery. In addition, there is a lack of attractive recipes for adding value, a lack of awareness of the nutritional value of millets, poorly organized integration with markets, and generally unfavorable environmental policy. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/minor-millets-as-a-central-element-for-sustainably-enhanced-incomes-empowerment-and-nutrition-in-rural-india/
- Challenge: Secure adequate food that is healthy, safe and of high quality for all, in an environmentally sustainable manner Solution: Mainstream agrobiodiversity in sustainable food systems Agrobiodiversity is a critical component of a sustainable food system. Without agrobiodiversity, a food system cannot be sustainable. To manage agrobiodiversity, we need to measure it Currently there is no consistent way for governments, private sector and other decision-makers to assess and track agrobiodiversity in sustainable food systems. This gap also extends to measuring progress on how agrobiodiversity is delivering on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Convention on Biological Diversity’s targets. The Agrobiodiversity Index A consistent long-term tool to measure and manage agrobiodiversity across four dimensions: diets, production, seed systems and conservation. Who is it for? It will help decision-makers – governments, investors, companies, farmers and consumers – ensure that food systems are diverse and sustainable.
- THANK YOU/FINAL SLIDE