1. The Pharynx

2. The Pharynx
 A funnel-shaped muscular tube
 Extends from the base of the skull to C6
 Lies behind
 Nasal cavities - Nasopharynx
 Oral cavity - Oropharynx
 Larynx - Laryngopharynx
 Inferiorly continues with esophagus

3. Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx

4. Nasal Choanae
Oropharyngeal Isthmus
Laryngeal Inlet

5. Adenoid
(Pharyngeal tonsil)
Auditory tube
Soft palate

6. Auditory tube

7. Wall of the Pharynx
 Consists of three layers
 Mucosal layer (mucous membrane)
 Submucous layer
 Muscular layer

8. Mucosal layer
 Lined by
 Nasopharynx – Ciliated columnar epithelium
 Oropharynx – Stratified squamous epithelium
 Laryngopharynx - Stratified squamous
epithelium

9. Submucous layer
 Fibrous layer
 Thick in the upper part where the
muscular layer is deficient

10. Muscular layer
 Consists of
 3 Circular muscles
 3 Longitudinal muscles
Constrictors Longitudinal
Superior Stylopharyngeus
Middle Palatopharyngeus
Inferior Salpingopharyngeus

11. Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

12. Salpingopharyngeus
Superior Constrictor
Middle Constrictor
Stylopharyngeus
Inferior Constrictor
Esophagus

13. Blood Supply
 Branches from
 Arterial supply:
 Ascending pharyngeal a.
 Superior thyroid a.
 Ascending palatine from the Facial a.
 Greater palatine and pharyngeal Maxillary a.
 Venous drainage
 Pharyngeal venous plexus which drains into the
internal jugular vein

14. Nerve Supply
 Sensory
 Nasopharynx - V2
 Oropharynx – Glossopharyngeal nerve
 Laryngopharynx – Glossopharyngeal and vagus
nerves (Internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves)
 Motor
 Allthe muscles are innervated by the vagus EXCEPT
stylopharyngeus muscle which is supplied by the IX
CN.

15. Nerve Supply
 Pharyngeal nerve plexus
 Formed by the pharyngeal branches of the
 Glossopharyngeal nerve
 Vagus nerve
 Sympathetic chain

16. Lymphatic drainage Retropharyngeal LN
 To the
retropharyngeal
LN and then to
deep cervical LN
Deep
Cervical LN
 Directly to the
deep cervical LN

17. Tonsils
 Four groups of submucous lymphoid
collections.
 Pharyngeal Tonsil
 Palatine tonsil
 Tubal Tonsil
 Lingual Tonsil

18. Tonsils
Adenoid
(Pharyngeal tonsil)
Tubal Tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil