Human Factors of XR: Using Human Factors to Design XR Systems
Claire Davis: Bridging the gap: experiences of communicating climate information between producers and end-users in southern Africa
1. Bridging the Gap *Climate Studies and Modelling, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [email_address] Experiences of communicating climate information between producers and end-users in southern Africa Katharine Vincent, Claire Davis* , Tracy Cull and Emma Archer
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5. Two examples from southern Africa 1. Boundary organisation acting between RIACSO and climate and weather scientists 2. Using a professional science communicator in the development of the South Africa Risk and Vulnerability Atlas AfricaAdapt Symposium, Addis Ababa, 9-11 March 2011
6. 1. RIACSO AfricaAdapt Symposium, Addis Ababa, 9-11 March 2011 Forum for humanitarian organisations working in southern Africa to coordinate preparedness and response activities
Can emphasise here that the core job of scientists is research: they rarely have the skills, nor often the desire, to attempt to communicate that beyond the scientific community, through peer-reviewed journal articles. End users are rarely scientific experts, nor should they be, and the format in which climate information appears in peer-reviewed journals is typically impenetrable. Thus there is a gap which needs to be bridged.
Can emphasise here that the core job of scientists is research: they rarely have the skills, nor often the desire, to attempt to communicate that beyond the scientific community, through peer-reviewed journal articles. End users are rarely scientific experts, nor should they be, and the format in which climate information appears in peer-reviewed journals is typically impenetrable. Thus there is a gap which needs to be bridged.
RIACSO-acronym is an artefact of times gone by and no longer represents the group, which is essentially a forum of humanitarian organisations working in the SADC region (for those familiar with the UN it is the emergency preparedness and response cluster, which has expanded to include NGOs, including Oxfam, Save the Children, Care, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Committee of the Red Cross, World Vision etc)
(This began in 2010 at the request of RIACSO, who recognised that climate change will affect the context of their activities, and because they realised that they may have to take a longer term perspective than the season to season current approach typical for humanitarian preparedness and response) IRI – International Research Institute for Climate and Society at Columbia University Chose seasonal forecasts to begin since this is climate (weather) information of most immediate need to the timeframes of operation of humanitarian organisations. Presentation showed a variety of different seasonal forecasts, and explained what they show. Brainstorming was then used to look at these relative to the information required by humanitarian organisations and their clients. Kulima wrote this up and submitted it to the scientists (in this case at the CSIR). They gave written comments, which Kulima “translated” into non-technical jargon, and then came and gave a presentation saying what is already possible, what might soon be possible, and what is not possible based on current science and developments
Benefits of the opening of the communication channel between humanitarian organisations and scientists have clear benefits to both communities. Programming activities by humanitarian organisations can be more effective, both in terms of cost-effectiveness to donors and benefits to recipients. Scientists are also able to tweak their outputs and research foci based on the demands of a user-community, and thus improve the likelihood of their information being actively embraced in decision-making and programming. The dialogue continues, brokered by the boundary organisation, with the ultimate aim that salient climate information is made available to end users in a format that is appropriate to their needs. In addition to seasonal forecasts, to date this has involved requested commentaries on topical issues, such as wheth