This document discusses how work environments have changed and the need to facilitate engagement in modern work settings. It predicts that future work will be less focused on specific job properties and more on allowing self-managing individuals and teams to coordinate using technology to achieve collective goals. It also discusses substitutes for leadership like feedback from work itself, technology support, workplace context, and knowledge to work independently from supervisors. The document questions if previous results on this topic are sound and considers implications if true, such as a second organization of less sophisticated employees and how this model could be applied globally with both employees and independents.