Tampa BSides - Chef's Tour of Microsoft Security Adoption Framework (SAF)
Atmospheres 112
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2. “ We live in an ocean of the element, air.” - Torricelli Earth from space, Apollo 13 Air and Atmosphere
3. Earth-rise over moon “It was so ironic, after spending all that money to get to the moon, the most impressive sight was our own Earth in the vast blackness of space. It was the only color we could see in the universe and was a gorgeous, moving sight.” -Edward Anders, Apollo 8, 1968 Moon is dead - it has no atmosphere.
4. Earth’s atmosphere seen from Earth orbit “For the first time in my life I saw the horizon as a curved line. It was accentuated by a thin seam of dark blue light- our atmosphere. Obviously this was not the ocean of air I had been told so many times in my life. I was terrified by its fragile appearance. - Ulf Merbold, West German astronaut on Columbia, 1983
15. Mexico city brown photochemical smog Normal conditions: Warm air rises “ Temperature inversion” Warmer air above prevents the cooler, dirtier air from rising. This keeps air pollutants from rising or escaping.
16. China has 16 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world, due to overpopulation and coal burning. This is Zunyi.
21. Stanley Miller with Tesla coil to supply spark to methane, ammonia, water, and hydrogen. Experiment performed at University of Chicago, 1953 Result of this experiment: He detected amino acids (up to 15) of the twenty found in life, “the building blocks of proteins”.
22. Red beds and BIF (Banded Iron Formations) contain minerals that would react with present level of oxygen. That is evidence that they were deposited when the atmosphere contained much less oxygen than the present concentration.
23. Graph of the History of the Earth’s Atmosphere Evolution of fermentation, photosynthesis, and respiration 1 2
24. Berkner-Marshall Model 1 -> 1 2 2 -> Cambrian explosion Life emerges from ocean Origin of life 2 1
25. Years Before Present (in millions of years) PAL 1 2 1 2 “ Middle life” Era “ Recent Life” Era “ Early Life” Era
42. “ Keeling graph” 1958 to 2010 The increase in concentration of carbon dioxide as measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii (as of 2010). Plotted here as monthly average values so the graph shows the annual variation of growing seasons (Summer) and seasons with less plant growth (Winter).
47. Greenhouse (Hothouse) flowers A Greenhouse lets in light and heat and the glass deters convection, so the greenhouse becomes hot. The atmospheric greenhouse effect is different.
52. The moon’s average distance from the sun is the same as the Earth’s. The average temperature on the Moon is below the freezing point of water. If the Earth had no atmosphere and no greenhouse effect, the Earth would be as cold as the moon.
53. Mercury Mercury has no atmosphere, so ancient craters are not much weathered, similar to the moon. Most non-experts would have a difficult time distinguishing between pictures of the moon and pictures of Mercury.