Ict 9 module 4, lesson 2.2 basic concepts of electricity

ICT 9: Computer Hardware Servicing
MODULE 4, LESSON 2: DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER
SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
BASIC CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY

MODULE 4, LESSON 2: DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
This lesson will introduce us to the fundamental
knowledge of electricity.
It will enable student to be equipped with the
basic knowledge in electricity.

Basic Electrical Terms
 Electricity - is define as the flow of electron or
electric current. It is an invisible form of energy
that can be transformed into other form of
energy like heat, light, and mechanical energy.

 Electron - is the negatively charge component of
an atom. It has the ability to flow.

 Proton - is the positively charge component of
an atom. It had the ability to attract electron.

 Matter - is anything that occupy space and has
mass. It can be a solid, liquid or gas in state.

 Atom – is the basic component of matter. It is
composed of a nucleus which is the central part,
the protons and electrons.

 Current – is the same as electricity or flow of
electron. The amount of current flowing in a
circuit can be measured in ampere (I).

 Voltage - is the amount of pulling force that
makes the electron flow. It is also known as
potential difference or EMF(electromotive
force). The amount of voltage can be measured
in volt (V).

 Resistance - is defined as the opposition to the
flow of current. The amount of resistance can
be measure in ohms (Ω).

Conductors and Insulators
 Conductors - are materials that easily allow the
flow of current, or it has a low resistance to
current flow.
Examples; aluminum, gold, silver, copper, iron

Conductors and Insulators
 Insulators - are materials that do not easily
allow the flow of current, or it has a high
resistance to current flow.
Examples; rubber, plastic, paper

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
Direct currents flow in one direction only, and are
constant in time. Their appearance is that of a
straight line which does not vary.

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
They are produced from power sources such as
batteries, power supplies and DC generators.
Photovoltaic devices such as solar cells also
generate DC power.

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
 The flow of electric charge is only in one
direction.
 This is the type of electricity is produced by
batteries, static, and lightning.

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
 In the circuit, the current flows at a specific,
constant voltage

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
 When you use a flashlight, pocket radio,
portable CD player or virtually any other type of
portable or battery-powered device, you are
using direct current.

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
 Most DC circuits are relatively low in voltage; for
example, your car's battery is approximately
12V.

Types of Current
1. Direct Current
Figure 1. Direct Current An
ideal 12 V DC current. The
voltage is considered
positive because its
potential is measured
relative to ground or the
zero-potential default state
of the earth.

Types of Current
2. AC Alternating Current
Alternating currents change direction, flowing first one
way and then the other.
They are sinusoidal waves, so that they change in time.
They are produced from sources such as power supplies
and AC generators.

Types of Current
In North America, AC is 120 volts and 60 hertz or cycles
per second.
This means it changes direction 60 times per second.
In Europe, it is generally 50 hertz with 220 to 240 volts.

Types of Current
 In alternating current (AC, also ac) the
movement of electric charge periodically
reverses direction.

Types of Current
 This type of electricity is produced or generated
by AC generators commonly from a hydro
electric plant.

Types of Current
 It is the commercial power that we use in
homes and offices.
 Delivered through a power transmission lines.

Types of Current
 AC current can be reduced through the use of
power transformer to suite for its application.
 It can also be converted to DC for a specific
purpose.

Types of Current
 In the Philippines AC is rated as 220V AC at 60
Hz.

Types of Current
Figure 2. Alternating
Current (AC)

Types of Current
Why does standard electricity come only in the
form of alternating current?
 It is relatively easy to change voltages from one
level to another using a transformer in AC, while
transformers do not work for DC.

Types of Current
 This capability allows the companies that
generate and distribute electricity to do it in a
more efficient manner.

Types of Current
 AC can be transmitted at high voltage for long
lengths, which reduces energy loss due to the
resistance in the transmission wires.

Types of Current
 Another reason is that it may be easier to
mechanically generate alternating current
electricity than direct current.

Types of Current
PC’s use only direct current, which means that the
alternating current provided by your utility must
be converted to direct current before use. This is
the primary function of your power supply.

Types of Current
Figure 3. Simplified block
diagram of a PC power
supply

Types of Current
SEATWORK

Types of Current
SEATWORK
Instruction: Based on the characteristics of Direct
Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) discussed
previously, create a comparative chart for DC and AC.
Use the table on the next slide as guide. (10 minutes)

Types of Current
SEATWORK (example)
Characteristics Direct Current (DC) Alternating Current
(AC)
1. Flow of electric
charge
one direction only periodically reverses
direction
2.

Electric Circuit
An electric circuit is the pathways for electricity to
flow.

Electric Circuit
Components of Circuit
Load - commonly represented by a bulb or any
electrical component that consumes electricity.
Supply - Commonly represented by a cell or a battery
Switch - an electrical device that opens or closes a
circuit.

Electric Circuit
Components of Circuit
Figure 4. A simple circuit

Electric Circuit
Types of Circuit
1. Open Circuit - a type of
circuit that has an open
path for current to flow. It
means that current cannot
flow in open circuit.

Electric Circuit
Types of Circuit
2. Closed Circuit - a type of
circuit that has a closed
path for current to flow. It
means that current can
flow in a closed circuit.

Electric Circuit
Types of Circuit Connections
1. Series Connection - A
circuit connection has only
one path of current flow. In
this circuit connection the
current remain constant.

Electric Circuit
Types of Circuit Connections
2. Parallel Connection - A
circuit connection that has
2 or more path of current.
In this circuit the voltage
remains constant.

QUIZ

QUIZ
1. A type of circuit where current cannot flow.

QUIZ
2. The negatively charge component of an atom. It
has the ability to flow.

QUIZ
3. It is the same as electricity or flow of electron. It
can be measured in ampere (I).

QUIZ
4. The flow of electron or electric current. It is an
invisible form of energy that can be transformed
into other form of energy like heat, light, and
mechanical energy.

QUIZ
5. The amount of pulling force that makes the
electron flow. It is also known as potential
difference or EMF (electromotive force). It can
be measured in volt (V).

QUIZ
6. The opposition to the flow of current. It can be
measure in ohms (Ω).

QUIZ
7. Materials that do not easily allow the flow of
current, or has a high resistance to current flow.

QUIZ
8. A component of a circuit that is commonly
represented by a bulb or any electrical
component that consumes electricity.

QUIZ
9. The basic component of matter. It is composed
of a nucleus which is the central part, the
protons and electrons.

QUIZ
10. A circuit connection that has only one path for
current to flow. In this circuit connection the
current remain constant.

QUIZ
11. The positively charge component of an atom. It
has the ability to attract electron.

QUIZ
12. A computer power supply converts AC to ____.

QUIZ
13. Anything that occupy space and has mass. It
can be a solid, liquid or gas in state.

QUIZ
14. An electrical device that opens or closes a
circuit.

QUIZ
15. The pathways for electricity to flow.

QUIZ
16. Materials that easily allow the flow of current,
or has a low resistance to current flow.

QUIZ
17. A component of a circuit that is commonly
represented by a cell or a battery.

QUIZ
18. A circuit connection that has 2 or more path of
current. In this circuit the voltage remains
constant.

QUIZ
19. A type of circuit where current can flow.

QUIZ
20. An invisible form of energy.

END OF QUIZ

ANSWERS TO QUIZ
1. open circuit 6. resistance
2. electron 7. insulators
3. current 8. load
4. electricity 9. atom
5. voltage 10. series connection

ANSWERS TO QUIZ
11. proton 16. conductors
12. DC 17. supply
13. matter 18. parallel connection
14. switch 19. closed circuit
15. electric circuit 20. electricity

End of
MODULE 4, LESSON 2:
DIAGNOSE AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS

Ict 9 module 4, lesson 2.2 basic concepts of electricity

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Ict 9 module 4, lesson 2.2 basic concepts of electricity