2. Outline
1) Present manipulate solid waste (MSW) treatment
2) Pros and Cons of the policies
3) Solution in developing the incineration program
4) Comparison and Contrast of MSW policies
5) Alternative treatment
6) Conclusion
3. Present Policies
Disposed in
landfill(52%)
->West New Territories
Landfill at Tuen Mun
->North East New
Territories Landfill at
Tai Kwu Ling
->South East New
Territories Landfill at
Tseung Kwan O
Source from: http://www.cleanbiz.asia/image/hong-
kong-landfill
4. Present Policies
Collection points are located in stores and
railway stations
->Rechargeable batteries
->Waste of Electrical and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE)
->Paper, aluminum and plastic bottle
Hong Kong Awards for Environment
Excellent(HKAEE)
->Encourage businesses and organizations to
adopt green management and green
innovations
Source from:
http://www.hkaee.org.hk/eindex.html,
https://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/chi/workplace/rechargebattery_detail.htm,
http://edwinor.blogspot.hk/2011/06/blog-post_17.html
5. Present Policies
The Programme on
Source Separation of
Domestic Waste(2005)
->Take it more convenient
for residents to separate
waste at source
->Provide waste separation
facilities on each building
floor Source from:
http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/environment/waste/wa
steredrecyc.htm
6. Advantages of incineration
Create jet fuel
-using heat to generate
electricity
-combining components
Environmentally
Friendly
-comparing with land fill
only Source from:
http://www.solarfeeds.com/jetfuel-will-
replace-petroleum/
7. Disadvantages of incineration
Costly
-HK$8 billion
Air Pollution
-fly ash contains over 98% of
dioxins produced
-at least 300 tonnes of toxic
ash per day
Source from:
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-
warming/pollution-overview/
8. Disadvantages of incineration
Damage wildlife and
fisheries
-snake, lizard and butterfly
live there
Higher rates of infant
moralities
-related to air pollution
Toxins escaping into
coastal waters over time Source from:
http://www.edp24.co.uk/polopoly_fs/ib_1_proposed_incinerato
r_site_king_s_lynn_saddlebow_1_2210295!
image/1631260836.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/1631260
836.jpg
9. Solutions in development
Cost issue: energy generation
e.g. electricity
- Netherlands supply 5% of the country’s energy
requirements
- Germany provide 5-10% of current demands
- Japan provide free hot water, free use of swimming pools,
etc. (Hester, 1994)
Regulation on emission
(CAA in USA )
- Monitoring
- Government enforcement
10. Solutions in development
Air pollution control equipment
- particulates, gases (EPA, 2005)
pre-process before incinerate (Sutco, 2010)
Source from:
http://www.sutco.de/fileadmin/datenblaetter/Anlageblaet
ter_VSA_ENGL_02SEP2010.pdf
11. Compare and Contrast
Hong Kong
- 3 active landfills – expected to be saturated by 2018
- 300 active waste collectors, 30 involved in waste recycling
and reprocessing operations
(Liu, 2012)
Singapore
- 4 incinerator, 2 are Waste-to-energy incineration
- Offshore sanitary landfill
- Packaging Agreement
- Uniform fee for waste collection
(NEA, 2014)
13. Compare and Contrast
San Francisco, USA
-Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance
-Waste related ordinances
- Green Building Ordinance
- Construction and Demolition Debris Recovery Ordinance
- Food Service Waste Reduction Ordinance
- Plastic Bag Reduction Ordinance
(San Francisco Department of the Environment, 2014)
14. Compare and Contrast
Hong Kong
- Ways for waste disposal
- Lack initiative in source reduction
Other countries
- Source reduction
- Recycling and composting
15. Alternatives
• MSW charging policy
- Polluter-pays principle
- Example: Taiwan
Reduced waste disposal by 60% over 5-6 years
• Hong Kong: consulting but some objection…
Waste Prevention
(Source Reduction)
Source from:
http://d2watasia.pixnet.net/blog/post/23454301-%E5%8F
%B0%E5%8C
%97%E5%B8%82%E5%B0%88%E7%94%A8%E5%9E
%83%E5%9C%BE%E8%A2%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%9F
%E8%A8%B1%E8%88%87%E6%AA%A2%E8%A8%8E
16. Alternatives
• Legislation on package of products
- Neighbourhood and Workers Services Centre
- packaging waste from the manufacturers
Waste Prevention
(Source Reduction)
Europe
AmericaSource from: http://www.nwsc.org.hk/content.php?id=203
17. Alternatives Waste Prevention
(Source Reduction)
A laundry detergent flexible pouch weighs 85 percent less
than a plastic bottle. The amount of packaging is 84 percent
less.
Source from:
http://www.flexpack.org/public/source_reduction_examples.asp
18. Alternatives Reuse and Recycle
• Barter
- system of exchange by which goods or services are directly
exchanged for other goods or services without using a
medium of exchange, such as money. (O'Sullivan, Arthur;
Steven M. Sheffrin, 2003)
20. Alternatives Reuse and Recycle
• Provide subsidies or sites for holding a barter fair
(incur expenditure but without any revenue if free
entry)
• Cooperate with NGO or barter websites to hold the
official barter fair annually
encourage people reuse the things that needed
cultivate the reusing habit or trend
21. Alternatives Composting
• Redeveloping farming industry
- over 80% of agricultural land are abandoned
(~3,800 hectares (Yiu, 2014))
- food residues recycling center
- produce organic fertilizers for farming
raise the agricultural self-sufficiency rate
23. ReferenceAnonymous. (2008, November 20). Expectation and review on special garbage bags in Taipei; 台北市專用垃圾袋之期許與
檢討 . Retrieved March 25, 2014, from PIXNET: http://d2watasia.pixnet.net/blog/post/23454301-%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C
%97%E5%B8%82%E5%B0%88%E7%94%A8%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E8%A2%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%9F
%E8%A8%B1%E8%88%87%E6%AA%A2%E8%A8%8E
AppleDaily. (2014, February 4). Group refers to more than 3,000 hectares of agricultural land desolate set up to promote
agricultural self-sufficiency rate | Breaking News | News | 20140204; 團體指逾 3 千公頃農地荒廢 促設農業自給率 | 即
時新聞 | 要聞 | 20140204. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from AppleDaily:
http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/news/20140204/52155674
Eddie tse.2012.HK people oppose plans for shek kwu chau mega-incinerator. Retrieved from
:http://www.Legco.Gov.Hk/yr11-12/english/panels/ea/papers/ea0326cb1-1385-2-e.Pdf
Envrionment Bureau. (2013). Hong Kong Buleprint for sustainable use of resources 2013-2022. Retrieved March 25, 2014,
from Envrionment Bureau: http://www.enb.gov.hk/sites/default/files/WastePlan-E.pdf
Flexible Packaging Association. (2010). FPA- Examples of Source Reduction. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from Flexible
Packaging Association: http://www.flexpack.org/public/source_reduction_examples.asp
Fringebacker. (2013, December 16). JUPYEAH x VERY HK Reviving Old Hong Kong's TaiTatTei. Retrieved March 25, 2014,
from Fringebacker: http://www.fringebacker.com/zh-tw/blog/JupYeah_VeryHK/
Govhk.2014.'Waste reduction & recycling'. The hong kong government. Retrieved at 28 march, 2014 form:
http://www.Gov.Hk/en/residents/environment/waste/wasteredrecyc.Htm
Neighbourhood and Workers Services Centre. (2013, June 11). Opposition to divert attention of the waste disposal levy.
Retrieved March 25, 2014, from Neighbourhood and Workers Services Centre: http://www.nwsc.org.hk/content.php?
id=203
Neighbourhood and Workers Services Centre. (2013, June 11). Opposition to divert attention of the waste disposal levy;
Waste reduction at source, the primary responsibility of the manufacturer to determine; Government to promote waste
separation, to develop a green economy. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from Neighbourhood and Workers Services Centre:
http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr13-14/chinese/panels/ea/papers/ea1216cb1-520-9-c.pdf
O'Sullivan, A., & Sheffrin, S. M. (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.
24. Reference
Songyan, Y. (2013, January 27). Suburban and rural communion Expansion of agricultural land for the conservation of the
important characteristics of Hong Kong's development and win-win solutions 城鄉郊共融 擴展農地對保育香港發展
特色的重要及共贏方案 . Retrieved March 25, 2014, from Hong Kong Agriculture Forum: Agriculture is an important
component of the city: http://ecyy.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/9/3/12935669/agricultural_land_supply_demand.pdf
Williams. M, Chau. C.2011. 'Rare wildlife will be threatened by Shek Kwu Chau incinerator'. South china morning post.
Retrieved at 24 march, 2014 from: http://www.Scmp.Com/article/741719/rare-wildlife-will-be-threatened-shek-kwu-
chau-incinerator
Hester, R. E., & H. (1994). Waste incineration and the environment. Cambridge England]: Royal Society of Chemistry.
EPA. (2005). Use of Incineration for boisolids Management. Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet. United States Enviromental
Protection Agency. http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/upload/2005_07_28_mtb_incineration_biosolids.pdf
Sutco Recyclingtechnik. (2010). Pre-sorting facility before incineration. Sutco Recyclingtechnik.
Liu, M., & Hong Kong Polytechnic University.Dept.of Civil and Structural Engineering. (2012). A comparative study of the
different biological methods for treatment of food waste in hong kong. Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering, The
Hong Kong Polytechnic University).
National Environment Agency. 2014. Waste Management. Singapore Government. Retrieved April 9, 2914 from
http://app2.nea.gov.sg/energy-waste/waste-management/overview
Department of Environmental Protection. (2014). Municipal Waste Management (Division 4). Taipei City Government.
Retrieved April 9, 2014 from http://english.dep.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=189627&ctNode=15288&mp=110002
San Francisco Department of the Envrionment. (2014). Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance. City of San
Francisco. Retreived April 9, 2014