25. Carmine lake
There are two varieties of carmine
lake, both produced from
insects, cochineal lake and kermes
lake and both employed as a dye and
lake.
Cochineal lake comes from cochineal
beetle, native to the New
World, which was used by the Aztecs
for dyeing and painting and was
brought to Europe in the sixteenth
century following the Spanish
conquest.
Kermes lake comes from an other
species of cochineal living on certain
species of European oaks. These
insects were scratched from the twigs
with the fingernails and produced a
powerful permanent scarlet dye
believed to be that obtained from the
Phoenicians by the Hebrews to dye the
curtains of their tabernacle.
26.
27. Indian Yellow
Clear, deep and luminescent yellow
pigment. Indian yellow, magnesium
euxanthate, used since ancient times
in the Far East, was used by European
artist painters in both oil paints and
watercolors from the 15th to the 19th
century.
It was likely first used by Dutch
artists, and before the end of 18th
century it was commonly used by
artists across Europe.
It’s origin was unknown until an
investigation in the year 1883 which
discovered that indian yellow pigment
was manufactured in rural India from
the urine of cattle fed only on mango
leaves and water. Banned in England in
19th Century
98. Demonstrate an ability to understand the
conceptual requirements of each assigned
project and a willingness/ability to adhere to
standard guidelines.
