The document discusses the spread of Islam in India and China between the 13th-15th centuries. In India, the Muslim Turks conquered northern parts of the country and introduced Islamic culture as many converted from Buddhism to Islam. Islam also spread eastward through Central Asia and into western China through trade, with Muslim merchants and Sufis helping to establish mosques and influence technology, arts, and sciences. A notable Chinese Muslim was Zheng He, who performed the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca and helped spread Islam through maritime trade routes.
