21. Prolonged lactate clearance is associated with
increased mortality in the surgical intensive care
unit
100 100
80
60
42, 5
40
20 13, 3
3, 9
0
<24 h 24- 48 h 48- 96 Abnormal
unt il 96 h
McNellis J, et al. Am J Surg. 2001 Nov;182(5):481-5
22. Serial blood lactate levels can predict the
development of multiple organ failure
following septic shock.
Bakker J, et al. Am J Surg 1996 Feb;171(2):221-6
26. Time course of continuously
measured SvO2 and ScvO2
Reinhart K, et al.Intensive Care Med (2004) 30:1572–1578
27. Limits of mixed venous
oxygen saturation
Bloos F and Reinhart K. Intensive Care Med (2005) 31:911–913
28. Variables that affect mixed
venous oxygen saturation
Rivers EP, et al Curr Opin Crit Care 2001, 7:204–211
29. Resuscitation of the critically ill in the ED: responses
of blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, central
venous oxygen saturation, and lactate.
Occult Tissue Hypoxia
• Phase 1 – Triage
• Phase 2 – After VS
stabilization, 31 of
36 patients had
– ScvO2 < 65%
– Lactate > 2 mM/L
• Phase 3 – Relief of
occult tissue
hypoxia
Rady and Rivers, Am J Emerg Med. 1996 Mar;14(2):218-25
34. Citoplasma
ADR
Glicose
Mitocôndria
O2
Gliceraldeido-3-fosfato
ALCALOSE Acetil-CoA
NAD+ CO2
NADH + H+ NAD+
ALCALOSE
SEPSE
Piruvato Ciclo de Krebs
ENDOTOXEMIA
1,3-difosfoglicerato
TIAMINA ATP
PDH
NA
Piruvato
DH
+
H+
CO2
NA
LD H2O
D+
H
Lactato
35. Citoplasma ↑CO2
ADR
Glicose
Mitocôndria
O2
Gliceraldeido-3-fosfato
ALCALOSE Acetil-CoA
NAD+ CO2
NADH + H+ NAD+
ALCALOSE
SEPSE
Piruvato Ciclo de Krebs
ENDOTOXEMIA
1,3-difosfoglicerato
TIAMINA ATP
PDH
NA
Piruvato
DH
+
H+
CO2
NA
LD H2O
D+
H
Lactato
O2
37. Veno-Arterial CO2 Gradient
ΔPCO2 = PvCO2 - PaCO2 NORMAL = 4-6mmHg
CO2 production (VCO2)= CO x (CvCO2 - CaCO2)
ΔPCO2 = k x VCO2
CO
ΔPCO2 IS INVERSELY RELATED TO CARDIAC OUTPUT
45. ∆CO2 / C(a-v)O2
CaO2 = (1.34 x SaO2 x Hb) + (0.003 x PaO2)
CvO2 = (1.34 x SvO2 x Hb) + (0.003 x PvO2)
46.
47.
48. Respiratory Quotient Could Be a Better Perfusion
Variable to Predict Mortality in Septic Shock
0.76 (cut-off value 1.0 (sensitivity 63%
Rezende E et al Submitted to SCCM