Irrigation

1. Presented by:
Uzzal Kumar Halder
Std. No.: 0716028

2. Outline of presentation
• DEFINITION
• HISTORY OF IRRIGATION
• PRESENT EXTENT OF IRRIGATION
• PERCENTAGE OF IRRIGATION
• TYPES OF IRRIGATION
• IRRIGATION IN CONTEXT OF
BANGLADESH.

3. 1. Irrigation is an artificial application of water
to the soil
2. It is usually used to assist in growing crops in
dry areas and during periods of inadequate
rainfall

4. Additionally, irrigation also has a
few other uses in crop production,
which include :
1.protecting plants against frost,
2.suppressing weed growing in
grain fields
3.helping in preventing soil
consolation

5. HISTORY OF IRRIGATION
• In the Zana Valley of Peru,
archaeologists found remains of three
irrigation canals radiocarbon dated from
the 4th millennium BCE, the 3rd
millennium BCE and the 9th century CE.
• These canals are the earliest record of
irrigation in the New World.

6. Animal-powered irrigation, Upper Egypt, ca.1840

7. Irrigation systems were developed in
Indian Sub-continent by :
• The Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan
and North India.
• The reservoirs at Girnar in 3000 BCE.
• An early canal irrigation system from
circa 2600 BCE.

8. An example of irrigation system common in Indian subcontinent

9. PRESENT EXTENT OF
IRRIGATION
#2,788,000 km² of agricultural land was
equipped with irrigation infrastructure.
#The largest contiguous areas of high
irrigation density are found in North India
and Pakistan along the rivers Ganges.

10. PERCENTAGE OF IRRIGATION
IN THE WORLD
EUROPE AFRICA OCENIA
5% 1%
9%
AMERICA
17%
ASIA
68%

11. TYPES OF
IRRIGATION

12. TYPES OF IRRIGATION:
• Surface irrigation
• Center pivot irrigation
• Lateral move irrigation
• Localized irrigation

13. • Water moves over and across the land by
gravity flow in order to wet it and to infiltrate
into the soil.
• Often called flood irrigation.
• Historically, this has been the most common
method of irrigating agricultural land.
• This method of irrigating is covered above
70% land in our country.

14. SURFACE IRRIGATION

15. Surface irrigation can be subdivided
into two types.
• Border Strips or Basin Flood:
– Strips of land with dikes on the sides
– Usually graded but with no cross slope
– Downstream end may be diked
• Furrow:
– Small channels carry the water (entire surface is
not wet)
– Commonly used on row crops
– Lateral as well as vertical infiltration
– Furrows are usually graded

16. Basin flood irrigation of rice

17. Basin flood irrigation of wheat

18. Irrigation of the land in Punjab, Pakistan

19. Furrow irrigation before Water is Added

20. Furrow irrigation after Water is Added

21. Furrow irrigation of Crops

22. WATER SUPPLY
• Methods of water supply
– Head ditch with siphon tubes or side-
opening gates
– Gated pipe (aluminum or plastic pipe with
small gates that can be opened and closed)
– Buried pipeline with periodically spaced
valves at the surface

26. CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION

27. CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION:
• Is a form of sprinkler irrigation.
• Consisting of several segments of pipe
(usually galvanized steel or aluminum)
joined together and supported by trusses.
• Mounted on wheeled towers with
sprinklers.
• System moves in a circular pattern.
• These systems are common in parts of the
United States where terrain is flat.

28. Center pivot with drop sprinklers in USA

29. The hub of a center-pivot irrigation system.

30. LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION

31. LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION:
• A series of pipes, each with a wheel is affixed
to its midpoint and sprinklers along its length.
• Water is supplied at one end using a large
hose.
• After sufficient water has been applied, the
hose is removed.
• The hose is reconnected.
• The process is repeated until the opposite edge
of the field is reached.

32. LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION:
• This system is less expensive to install.
• Much more labor intensive to operate.
• It is limited in the amount of water it can
carry.
• They are most often used for small or
oddly-shaped fields, such as those found in
hilly or mountainous regions, or in regions
where labor is inexpensive.

33. A traveling sprinkler at Millets Farm Centre, United Kingdom.

34. LOCALIZED IRRIGATION

35. LOCALIZED IRRIGATION:
• Water is distributed under low pressure
through a piped network.
• Applied as a small discharge to each plant or
adjacent to it.
IT MAY BE DIFFERENT KINDS:
1.Drip irrigation
2.Sprinkler irrigation
3.bubbler irrigation

36. DRIP IRRIGATION
1.Drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation,
functions as its name suggests.
2.Water is delivered at or near the root zone of plants,
drop by drop.
3.This method can be the most water-efficient method
of irrigation, if managed properly, since evaporation
and runoff are minimized.
4.In modern agriculture, drip irrigation is often
combined with plastic mulch, further reducing
evaporation, and is also the means of delivery of
fertilizer.

37. Drip Irrigation - A dripper in action

38. Drip Irrigation Layout and its parts

39. Advantages of Drip Irrigation
• Delivers water slowly.
• Minimizes water loss due to runoff.
• Useful in windy areas.
• Less evaporation.
• Less splash that may spread fungal.
• spores, bacteria to other plants.

40. IRRIGATION IN CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH

41. • The most common system of Irrigation in our
country is Surface Irrigation.
• About 70% water source is Groundwater.
• It is two types by its mechanism.
1.Traditional Irrigation.
2.Manual Pump Irrigation.
3.Power Pump Irrigation

42. Location map
Irrigation scene using Doon (traditional irrigation facilities)

43. Traditional Irrigation.

46. Manual Pump Irrigation

48. Power Pump Irrigation

49. Power Pump Irrigation

50. Power Pump Irrigation

51. Problems Generated by Irrigation

52. 1.The maximum irrigation is occuring in
the North-west zone of Bangladesh & the
groundwater level is decreasing day by
day in this zone.

53. Areas which use maximum Groundwater

54. 2.Excess irrigation causes Arsenic
contamination which may cause
great disaster in future.
3.Excess irrigation can influence
Earthquake.

55. Occurrence of arsenic in groundwater
(BGS, 1999)

56. WHAT SHOULD WE DO ?

57. • We have to use effective Irrigation system.
• We have to reduce Water wastage.
• In this context bucket drip Irrigation is so
Effective.

58. Bucket
Bucket Drip Irrigation
Filter Kits:
•Filter screen
Stand
•Water Supply Line
Water Supply Lines •Drip Line
Need to add:
•Bucket
Drip Lines
•Stand
•Plants

59. •Look for
wet spots
•Mark them
•Place plants
where there
is a drip

60. Can also flush the lines
This is done by opening the ends of the drip lines
and pouring clean water through it.

61. So we use……
Such kind of structures that can reduce wastage of Water.

62. Thank You