Pathology of Head injury.

1. The goal of mankind is knowledge, which is is inherent in man. No knowledge comes from outside: it is all inside. What man 'learns' is really what he “ discovers ” by taking the cover off his own soul. Swami Vivekananda “ Education” - Eduse (latin) to bring out..

4. Control your senses and you are beyond trouble, Let them loose and you are beyond help…! Lao Tzu

5. Pathology of Head Injury Dr. Shashidhar V.M. Senior Lecturer & Head of pathology

10. Missile Injury: The “blast effect” of a high-velocity projectile causes an immediate increase in supratentorial pressure and results in death because of impaction of the cerebellum and medulla into the foramen magnum. A low-velocity projectile increases the pressure at a more gradual rate through hemorrhage and edema.

12. Whiplash injury:

14. Axonal Injury: A, Hypoxic/ischemic injury in cerebral cortex - "red neurons." shrunken cell B, Axonal spheroids at points of axonal disruption C, Swollen cell body and peripheral dispersion of Nissl substance (chromatolysis) H&E Stain.

15. Cerebral Edema: Normal Edema

17. Cerebral Edema: narrow sulci, flat gyri.

20. The greatest religion is to be true to your own nature. Swami Vivekananda

21. Intracranial hematoma: Pathological Mechanisms & clinical manifestations No special features Increased intracranial pressure with focal deficits; usually fatal Profound coma , usually rapidly fatal Cortical contusions Rupture of small intrinsic vessels with intracerebral haematoma 'Burst lobe' with intracerebral haematoma contusions and subdural haematoma Cerebral hemisphere Meningeal irritation with a rapid increase in intracranial pressure Arterial rupture Subarachnoid space Acute presentation with a rapid increase in intracranial pressure Chronic presentation with personality change, memory loss and confusion, particularly in the elderly Rupture of venous sinuses or small bridging veins due to torsion forces Subdural space Lucid interval followed by a rapid increase in intracranial pressure Skull fracture with arterial rupture, e.g. middle meningeal artery Epidural /Extradural Clinical manifestations Mechanism Site

22. Epidural Hematoma Fracture

23. Epidural - Hematoma - Subdural

25. Epidural hematoma -Skull Fracture.

26. Epidural Hemorrhage Dura Adherent clot

27. Subdural Hematoma: With head trauma, the dura moves with the skull, and the arachnoid moves with the cerebrum, . As a result, the bridging veins are sheared causing hematoma in the expansile subdural space.

29. Subdural Hematoma

30. Subdural Hemorrhage Dura Arachnoid Shift Bleeds

31. Subdural Hematoma: edema & Herniation Flattening Subfalcine Herniation Uncal Herniation

34. You cannot shake hands with a clenched fist. -Indira Gandhi

35. You may get delayed to reach your targets. But every step you take towards your target is step towards victory . KARL MARX

43. Do not let what you ‘cannot’ do interfere with what you ‘can’ do . — John Wooden

50. Religion is the symptom of craving to know Divinity already inside man. Swami Vivekananda

51. You may get DELAYED to reach your targets. But every step you take towards your target is EQUAL to victory. KARL MARX