Ground water is the principal source of drinking water in our country and indispensable source of our life. The quality of water is of vital concern for mankind, since it is directly linked to human welfare. The present work investigated various physiochemical parameters of villages of Visnagar taluka of Mehsana district, Gujarat. Because of north Gujarat is affected by various water quality parameters like fluoride is high in many parts of north Gujarat. A total of 50 water samples will be collected from the tube wells for post-monsoon season and analyzed for the various physiochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO3-), magnesium (Mg2+), Calcium (Ca2+), hardness, and alkalinity, sulphates (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), Fluoride (F-) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The result were compared with standards prescribed by IS: 10500(2012). It was found that the ground water contaminated at 16 sampling sites namely Khadalpur, Chhogala, Sunshi, Denap, Jetalvasana, Tarabh, Visnagar Rural, Bhalak, Kamalpur (GOT), Kamalpur (KHA), Kansa, Magaroda, Pudgam, Sadutala, Thalota, Vadu while other 34 sampling sites showed physiochemical parameters within the water quality standards and quality of water is good so it is fit for drinking uses.

1. Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Visnagar
Taluka, Mehsana District, Gujarat
1
L.D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENT
PRESENTED BY
D.S.GOSWAMEE V.H.PANCHOLI
ME-WRM ME-WRM
L.D.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING L.D.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

2.  Introduction
 Objective of Work
 Literature Review
 Scope of Work
 Methodology
2
Contents
 Data Collection
 Analysis of Drinking Water
 Analysis of Irrigation Water
 References

3. 3
 Introduction

4.  Ground water quality is indicated by the
amount of dissolved or suspended inorganic
or organic material in it through which it
acquires physical and chemical characteristics.
 Under natural condition, the composition of
ground water depends on the composition of
rainwater, soil strata and aquifer materials
and changes with time and space.
4
 What is Ground Water Quality

5. • The main objective of this work is to study about the
ground water quality of Visnagar Taluka.
• To measure the ground water quality for post-
monsoon and it compares with IS.
• Analysis of ground water quality for drinking and
irrigation purpose.
• To measure ground water quality changes from pre-
monsoon to post-monsoon.
5
 Objective of work

6.  Study Area
6

7.  Study Area..
 Villages of Visnagar Taluka
7

8. 1) Collection of pre-monsoon & post-monsoon ground water
quality (GWQ) data.
2) Analysis of pre-monsoon and post monsoon ground water
quality (GWQ) data for the year of 2013-14 and compare with
year 2014-15 for drinking water.
3) Analysis of ground water quality data for last 5 years and 9
years for drinking water and Irrigation.
4) Review of ground water by using USSL classification SAR for
irrigation water.
5) Detail study of concentration of fluoride ion in ground water
sample in the study area.
8
Scope of Work.

9. Collect 50 Ground Water samples for post-
monsoon of the study area.
 Now, Each Collected Samples are determine by
17 different parameters of physiochemical
process.
These result is compared with standard value
prescribed by Indian Standard.(IS:10500-2012)
Mainly two test are carried out for ground water
quality
(1) Physical Test (2) Chemical Test
9
Methodology

10. Sr,No.
Quality Parameter Method/ Instruments used
1 Temperature Thermometer
2 Colour Platinum Cobalt Scale
3 Turbidity Jackson Turbidimeter/
Nephelometric method
4 Test and Odour Sense of test & Threshold odor number
10
1) Physical Test

11. (2) Chemical Test
Sr. No. Quality Parameter Method/ Instruments used
1 PH PH meter
2 Electrical Conductivity (EC) Conductivity meter
3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) TDS meter
4 Total Alkalinity (TA) Titration Method
5 Calcium Hardness (CaH) EDTA titration
6 Magnesium Harness (MgH) EDTA titration
7 Total Hardness (TH) EDTA titration
8 Chloride (Cl-) Argentometric Titration
9 Fluoride (F-) U.V.Spectrometer
10 Sodium (Na+) Flame photometric method
11 Potassium(K+) Flame photometric method
12 Sulphate, (SO 4
2- ) U.V.Spectrometer
13 Nitrate U.V.Spectrometer
11

12. Sr.
No
Data Source
1 Groundwater data for drinking
water
http:/www.indianwater.gov.in
2 Groundwater data for irrigation
purpose
State Water Data Centre,
Gadhinagar
3 Rainfall data State Water Data Centre,
Gadhinagar
12
Data Collection

13. Detail of Maximum and Minimum values of Groundwater Quality Parameter
13
 Analysis of Drinking Water
Sr. No. Quality Parameter Minimum Maximum IS
1 PH 7.0 8.5 6.5-8.5
2 Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS)
284 2662 500-2000
3 Total Alkalinity (TA) 88 780 200-600
4 Calcium Hardness (CaH) 2.00 273 75-200
5 Magnesium Harness (MgH) 5.00 127 30-160
6 Total Hardness (TH) 40 1136 200-600
7 Chloride (Cl-) 40 160 250-1000
8 Fluoride (F-) 0.1 9.00 1.0-1.5
9 Nitrate 0.75 178 45
10 Sulphate, SO4
2-
3.00 244 200-400

14. Sr.
No.
Quality
Parameter
Pre-monsoon Post-monsoon
IS
Min Max. Min
.
Max.
1 PH 7.51 8.38 7.75 8.23 6.5-8.5
3 Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS)
230 1752 183 1746 500-2000
4 Total Alkalinity
(TA)
152 548 128 596 200-600
5 Calcium Hardness
(CaH)
30 117 32 104 75-200
6 Magnesium Harness
(MgH)
14 55 13 205 30-160
7 Total Hardness
(TH)
148 384 78 448 200-600
8 Chloride (Cl-) 36 656 40 576 250-1000
9 Fluoride (F-) 0.21 1.71 0.26 1.61 1.0-1.5
12 Nitrate 2.87 110.75 10.8 106.32 45
14
 Detail of Max and Min. values of Groundwater Quality Parameter for pre-post monsoon
(2013-14)
 Analysis of Drinking Water

15. Following graph show increase per year various
ground water quality parameter of different villages
for last five year.
15
 Analysis of Drinking Water
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
MAGNESIUM
CALCIUM
HARDNESS

16. 16
 Analysis of Drinking Water
1220
1240
1260
1280
1300
1320
1340
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
BASAN
TDS
TDS 0
20
40
DADHIYAL
SULPHATE
SULPHAT
E
172
174
176
178
180
182
184
186
DHARUSANA
CHLORIDE
CHLORIDE
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
GANPATPURA
CHLORIDE
CHLORIDE

17. 17
 Analysis of Drinking Water
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
MAGNESIUM
CALCIUM
HARDNESS
0
10
20
30
40
50
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
KHARAVADA
SULPHATE
SULPHATE
0
20
40
60
80
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
MEGHALIYASANA
CALCIUM
CALCIUM
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
THALOTA
TDS
TDS

18. 18
Sr.
No.
Quality
Parameter
Pre-monsoon Post-monsoon
IS
Min Max. Min Max.
1 PH 7.84 8.5 7.2 8.5 6.5-8.5
2 Total Dissolved
Solids (TDS)
654 2288 272 3470 500-2000
3 Total Alkalinity
(TA)
184 544 248 588 200-600
4 Calcium Hardness
(CaH)
10 135 18 154 75-200
5 Magnesium Harness
(MgH)
8 61 15 120 30-160
6 Total Hardness
(TH)
120 584 144 657 200-600
7 Chloride (Cl-) 108 881 88 1160 250-1000
8 Fluoride (F-) 0.19 1.73 0.22 2.14 1.0-1.5
9 Nitrate 5.5 118 2.1 123 45
10 Sulphate, SO4
2-
12 118 24 546 200-400
 Analysis of Drinking Water
Detail of Max and Min. values of Groundwater Quality Parameter for pre-post
monsoon (2014-15)

19. 19
 Analysis of Drinking Water

20. 20
 Analysis of Drinking Water

21. 21
 Analysis of Drinking Water

22. 22
 Analysis of Drinking Water

23. 23
 Analysis of Drinking Water

24. 24

25. 25

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32

33. 33
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
pH EC TDS TA Ca Mg TH Cl F No So
No of Village Exceeding IS Value

34.  Total 15 water samples are fall above the permissible limit
of IS:10500 and the water samples from the Kamalpur
site is not fit for drinking because parameter like EC,
TDS,Ca2+,Mg2+,SO3
- are above the permissible limit of IS.
 All the water samples for pH value is within acceptable or
permissible limits of IS: 10500. Fluoride concentration is
higher than permissible limit of IS: 10500(2012) in the
villages like Jetalvasana, Tarabh and Visnagar Rural.
 It is concluded that from above 15 villages which has poor
ground water quality are not used without purification.
34
 Analysis of Drinking Water

35.  Analysis of IRRIGATION WATER
The suitabibty of an irrigation water depends upon
several factors, such as,
• Water quality
• Soil type,
• Plant characteristics,
• Irrigation method,
• Drainage,
• Climate and the local conditions.
QUALITY CRITERIA FOR IRRIGATION
a) Total salt concentration,
b) Sodium adsorption ratio,
c) Residual sodium carbonate or bicarbonate ion
concentration
35

36. 36
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
SAR PRE-POST MONSOON 2014-15
SAR Pre-monsoon
SAR Post-monsoon

37. Water Quality Rating based on Total Salt Concentration
37
Sr.no Class Range of EC
(MIcRoMHos/cm)
No of Village
1 Low Below 1500 6
2 Medium 1500-3000 30
3 High 3000-6000 14
4 Very High Above 6000

38. 38
 Water Quality Rating based on Sodium Adsorption Ratio
Sr.no Class Range of SAR No Villages
1 Low Below 10 26
2 Medium 10-18 22
3 High 18-26 21
4 Very High Above 26

39. Water Quality Rating based on Residual
Sodium Carbonate
39
Sr.no Class Range of RSC No of Villages
1 Low Below1.5 35
2 Medium 1.5-3.0 13
3 High 3.0-6.0 2
4 Very High Above 6.0

40. USSL Diagram 2015
40

41. USSL DIAGRAM Pre-Monsoon 2014-15
41

42. ussl diagram post monsoon 2014-15
42

43. 43
Sodium Hazard classes based on USSL
classification
Sodium
Hazards Class
Remark on
quality
SAR in
Equivalents per
mole
Number of
Samples
S1 Low Below 10 26
S2 Medium 10-18 22
S3 High 18-26 21
S4 & S5 Very High Above 26

44. 44
Salinity Hazard ClassesSalinity
Hazards
Class
Remark on
quality
EC in
(micromhos/cm)
Number of
Samples
C1 Low 100-250 ---
C2 Medium 250-750 1
C3 High 750-2250 27
C4 & C5 Very High >2250 22

45. 1. http:/www.indianwater.gov.in
2. F.A.Bhat, Mir Irshad, Akhtar R. Mir, Bilal Parveez, Mohd Iqbal, H. Sana
Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality for Drinking and
Agriculture.Purpose: A Case Study of Srinagar District, Jammu and Kashmir,
India.(IJCRR Vol 05 issue 10)
3. S. D.Dhamin Groundwater Quality Assessment for Irrigation Use in Rajkot District,
Gujarat (Journal - Journal of Indian Water Resources Society, Vol 34,No.1, January,
2014)
4. Mayur C. Shah, Prateek G. Shilpkar and Pradip, B. Acharya ‟ Ground Water
Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat, India ˮ(ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN
ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net Vol. 5, No.3, pp. 435-
446, July 2008 ) Assessment of Ground Water Quality in and around
Gobichettipalayam Town Erode District, Tamilnadu:
5. P.N. Palanisamy, A.Geetha, M.Sujatha, P.Sivakumar,K.Karunakaran ‟Assessment
of Ground Water Quality in and around Gobichettipalayam Town Erode District,
Tamilnadu ˮ(ISSN:Vol4,No3,pp 434-439,July 2007).
45
 References

46. THANK YOU
46