ppt on earthquake

1. BY :Shailja Upadhyay
130280715024
Semester 3 (CASAD)
Guided BY:
Prof Chirag N. Patel
Response of Elevated Water Tank
subjected to
Near-fault and Far-field Earthquake Motions
M.E. CASAD, Dissertation Phase 1
Internal Review, Semester 3
Applied Mechanics Department
L. D. College of Engineering , Gujarat Technological University

2. PRESENTATION OVER-VIEW
• Problem Definition
• General discussion
• Literature review
• Objectives for study
• Scope of work
• Proposed work plan
• Seminar topic
2

3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
• Generally the research has been conducted based on the earthquake
data recorded at any station
• The characteristics of near-fault earthquake and far field earthquakes
have significant difference.
• The seismic codes deal with problems and design procedures related to
far-field or intermediate epicentral distances
• Therefore structures located in near by vicinity will suffer large
damage even if it is designed and detail completely with codal
provision.
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4. GENERAL DISCUSSION
• The main characteristic of near-fault earthquakes is the high energy
content in the lower frequency range.
• This is termed as pulse motion.
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5. IDENTIFICATION OF NEAR-FAULT EARTHQUAKE RECORD CHARACTERISTICS
Ch.A. Maniatakis, I.M. Taflampas and C.C. Spyrakos
The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Year 2008
• Study of characteristics of earthquake ground-motion records obtained
in near-fault regions of Greece with well known international earthquakes.
• Simple expression to identify the velocity pulse type of near-source records.
• Parameters studied for earthquakes intensities greater than
VII or VIII on the Modified Mercalli scale (MMI).
• Classification of velocity pulse is done
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LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

6. Assessing Seismic Behaviour of Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs)
Due to Near-Field Ground Motions
Tehrani Zade.M. and Haj Najafi.L.
The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Year 2008
• Investigation of nonlinear dynamic and static response of structure.
• 3-D steel buildings studied for 9 near-field and 3 far-field earthquake motions
• Increase in lateral forces and acceleration are noted for near field earthquake
• With increase in height modal participation effects are seen
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014
6
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

7. Response of RC structures subjected to near-fault and far-fault earthquake
motions considering soil-structure interaction
Tavakoli.H.R, Naeej.M, Salari.A
International journal of civil and structural engineering
Volume 1, no 4, 2011
• Linear time history analysis for ordinary moment resisting frames of different
height.
• Ground motion selected are earthquake of Tabbas, Kobe and Loma Prieta
earthquake.
• Main evaluated parameters : period of structure, base shear, global displacement and
story drifts for soft and stiff soils with 100m/s and 900m/s shear wave velocity
• For soft soil soil-structure interaction becomes more effective .
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014
7
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

8. CONSIDERATION OF NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTION EFFECTS IN SEISMIC
DESIGN
Babak ALAVI And Helmut KRAWINKLER
12 WCEE 2000
• elastic and inelastic response of SDOF systems and MDOF frame structures subjected to
near-fault ground motions
• Global objective : develop design guidelines that provide more consistent protection for
structures
• Equivalent pulses are capable of representing the salient response features of near-fault
ground motion.
• In strong long-period structures, early yielding of upper stories occurs, while in weak
structures high ductility occur in bottom stories
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014
8
LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3
Paper 2 Paper 4

9. Effects of Near-Field and Far-Field Earthquakes on Seismic Response of SDOF
System Considering Soil Structure Interaction
M. Davoodi M. Sadjadi & P. Goljahani M. Kamalian
15WCEE 2012
• Replacement of structure with equivalent SDOF system
• Total 85 ground motions were selected to study the response.
• Equations of motion of equivalent SDOF system, which have been derived in time
domain, have been solved with a numerical method
• Response of proposed SDOF system increases for near-field earthquake and hard
soil.
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LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 3 Paper 5
Paper 4 Paper 6

10. Response of Protected and Unprotected
Middle-Rise Steel Frames in Far-Field and Near-Field Areas
BY: Dora Foti
Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Shock and Vibration ,
Volume 2014, Article ID 393870, 11 pages,2014
• A steel model of a five-level structure has been analysed.
• Selected ground motion : Loma Prieta 1989 earthquake
• Different bracing systems were used.
• Response of the structures subjected to near-field ground motions is higher and the
energy dissipated by the nonlinear devices is lower if compared to the frames under
far-field ground motions.
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LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 3 Paper 5
Paper 4 Paper 6

11. The Effect of Near-Fault Directivity on Building Seismic Collapse Risk
Final Report to U.S. Geological Survey , 2012
• Study on behaviour of 23 reinforced concrete buildings of California.
• 91 ground motion data from PEER NGA database were chosen
• Non-linear dynamic analysis using OPENSEES
• seismic collapse behaviour is governed by the ratio of the ground motion pulse period
to the first-mode period of the building
• Study of collapse probability considering near and far field earthquake motion is
carried out
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LITTRATURE REVIEW Paper 5 Paper 7
Paper 6

12. LITERATURE REVIEW Paper 1 Paper 3 Paper 5 Paper 7
Paper 2 Paper 4 Paper 6
Studies are carried out in this field to understand
- Characteristics of near field earthquake motions
- Effect of this ground motion on various structures
- experimental and analytical work
- response of RCC and Steel frames
- effect of soil structure interaction
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13. OBJECTIVES FOR RESEARCH
• Implementation of valuable code provisions for seismic analysis and
design of elevated water tank.
• To evaluate performance of elevated tank considering frame and shaft
type staging under the effect of near fault and far field earthquake
motions.
• To study effect of tank’s shape, height and staging system on structural
response, subjected to near field earthquake.
• To carry out analysis and design of elevated water tank as a monolithic
structure, using STAAD-pro
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14. SCOPE OF WORK
• Elevated tank of 5 lakh litres capacity to be modelled and analysed for near-
field earthquake motion.
• Method of analysis : non-linear time history analysis using STAAD
• Ground motion data for 5 locations collected from PEER NGA
• Height variation to be considered
- 16 meter
- 20 meter
- 24 meter
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15. • Shape of tank : INTZE tank, square tank, circular tank
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SCOPE OF WORK
• Parametric study for various height, near-fault and far field ground motion and
staging system
Type (a) Type (b) Type (c)

16. Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 16
PROPOSED WORK PLAN
Work completed
Work to be done

17. SEMINAR
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• Design of silo structure using STAAD-pro

18. REFERENCES
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 18
• “Identification of near-fault earthquake record characteristics “, Ch.A. Maniatakis, I.M. Taflampas and C.C.
Spyrakos ,The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering , 2008
• “Consideration of near-fault ground motion effects in seismic design” babak ALAVI and helmut
KRAWINKLER, 12 WCEE. 2000,2655
• “Assessing seismic behavior of eccentrically braced frames (ebfs) due to near-field ground motions” ,
Tehrani Zade.M. and Haj Najafi.L. , The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering , 2008
• “A Critical Examination of Near-Field Accelerograms fromthe Sea of Marmara Region Earthquakes” Sinan
Akkar and Polat Gulkan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 1, pp. 428–447, February 2002
• “Modelling of earthquake response spectra for strike slip Earthquakes in the near- and far-field” Jonas thor
snæbjornsson, ragnar sigbjörnsson, simon olafsson, 13th world conference on earthquake engineering,
2004,paper no. 2366
• “ Response of RC structures subjected to near fault and far-fault earthquake motions considering soil-
structure interaction “Tavakoli.H.R, Naeej.M, Salari.A, international journal of civil and structural
engineering volume 1, no 4, 2011 , ISSN 0976 – 4399

19. REFERENCES
Shailja Upadhyay (130280715024)_27-08-2014 19
• “ The Effect of Near-Fault Directivity on Building Seismic Collapse Risk “ ,Final Report to U.S. Geological
Survey , 2012
• “Effects of near-field and far-field earthquakes on seismic response of SDOF system considering soil
structure interaction” ,M. Davoodi M. Sadjadi & P. Goljahani M. Kamalian, 15 WCEE, 2012
• “On the seismic response of protected and unprotected middle-rise steel frames in far-field and near-field
areas”, dora foti, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Shock and Vibration , Volume 2014, Article ID 393870, 11
pages,2014
• IS 3370(Part 1), 2009, Concrete strucyure for storage of liquid – code of practice. Part-1 General
requirements