This PPT includes the details of the Research Process

1. RESEARCH PROCESS
Presenter:
VIJAYARADDI
FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
KOMAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOG

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Definition/meaning
• Steps in research process
• Things to Remember in Research
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any
systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts,
solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new
theories. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied
research)documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and
development of methods and systems for the advancement of
human knowledge.

4. DEFINITION
What is research?
Systematic search for knowledge through method of
study, observation, comparison & experiment.
What is research process?
Series of various actions, which are necessary to effective
research work.

5. 7 STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS
• Step One: Define research problem
• Step Two: Review of literature
• Step Three: Formulate hypotheses
• Step Four: Preparing the research design
• Step Five: Data collection
• Step Six: Data analysis
• Step Seven: Interpretation and report writing

7. Step One:
Define Research Problem
There are two types of research problem.
• Those relate to states of nature
• Relationship between variables.
Essentially two steps are involved in define research problem.
• understanding the problem thoroughly and
• rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of view.

8. Contd…
Choose the right topic.
• You don’t want a topic too narrow or too broad.
• State your topic as a question.
• Decide what information you may need to answer this question

9. Step Two:
Review of Literature
Once the problem is defined, a brief summary of it should be
written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a
thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of topic and submit it
to necessary committee or the research board for approval.

10. Contd…
• Gather Your Sources
• What sources are available for research?
• Decide which you will use.
• Reference and other Library books.
• Magazine or newspaper articles.
• Internet resources.
• Electronic databases

11. Step Three:
• Formulate Hypothesis
Formulate hypothesis is tentative assumption made in order to
draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences.
Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of
research in hand because it has to be tested.
The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting
the area of research and to keep him on the right track.

12. Contd…
• A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested, and is used mostly in
experimental research.
• Qualitative designs and surveys do not usually have a hypothesis,
although sometimes surveys do test for differences between groups
and so might use one.
• Statistics are required to test the hypothesis, which has to be very
precisely written. The hypothesis expresses the predicted outcome of
the experiment, either in positive or negative terms.

13. Contd…
• Example:
• Children under five years of age with refl ux given prophylactic
antibiotics will experience the same number of urinary tract
infections in one year as those not given prophylactic antibiotics.
• In this case, the experiment would aim to fi nd the null hypothesis
false, assuming that prophylactic antibiotics are effective in such
cases.

14. Step Four:
• Preparing the Research Design
The function of research design is to provide for the collection of
relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and
money. Research purpose may be grouped into four categories
such as
(1) Exploration,
(2) Description,
(3) Diagnosis, and (4) Experimentation

15. Step Five: Data Collection:
Primary data can be collected through: By Observation Through
personal interview Through telephone interview By mailing of
questionnaires Through Schedules

16. Step Six:
Data Analysis
• The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such
as establishment of categories.
This stage mainly include :
1. Coding
2. Editing
3. Tabulation

17. Step Seven:
• Interpretation and Report Writing
• Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by
him.
• Writing of report includes:
• 1. The preliminary pages;
• 2. The main text, and
• 3. The end matter.

18. Things to Remember in Research
• Make sure that you take information from many different sources.
• Record the bibliographic information of each source. Always record what you
found and where you found it.
• Paraphrase all information into your own words.
• Be careful that you record facts and not opinions.
• Work from general to specific when defining your topic.
• Translate your topic’s keywords into the terminology of the field.
• You will discover the terminology in finding background information.

19. REFERENCES
1.https://www.researchgate.net/
2. https://www.slideshare.net/
3.John W Best, James V Kahn, Research in Education, tenth edition,
Pearson publishers USA, 2006,.
4. https://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/content/seven-steps-
research-process
5. https://www.wiley.com/

20. THANK YOU

21. ANY QUESTIONS…..?