24. Uses a delay differential equation18 Longtin, A. and Milton, J. G.. Modellingautonomousoscilations in thehumanpupil light reflex usingnon-lineardelay-differentialequations. BulletinofMath. Bio. 1989.
25.
26. Uses a delay differential equationPupil Area Longtin, A. and Milton, J. G.. Modellingautonomousoscilations in thehumanpupil light reflex usingnon-lineardelay-differentialequations. BulletinofMath. Bio. 1989.
30. Uses a delay differential equationLatency Retinal Light Flux Pupil Area Longtin, A. and Milton, J. G.. Modellingautonomousoscilations in thehumanpupil light reflex usingnon-lineardelay-differentialequations. BulletinofMath. Bio. 1989.
31.
32. Uses a delay differential equationRetinal Light Flux Longtin, A. and Milton, J. G.. Modellingautonomousoscilations in thehumanpupil light reflex usingnon-lineardelay-differentialequations. BulletinofMath. Bio. 1989. 22 Related Work (Cont.) Latency Muscular Activity Pupil Area
55. PLR Model: Individual Sensitivity to Light Mapped as iso-curves in Moon & Spencerâs data 45 Moon, P. and Spencer, D.. On the stiles-crawford effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1944
56. PLR Model: Individual Sensitivity to Light Mapped as iso-curves in Moon & Spencerâs data 46 Ct Cm Cb Moon, P. and Spencer, D.. On the stiles-crawford effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1944
57. PLR Model: Individual Sensitivity to Light Mapped as iso-curves in Moon & Spencerâs data 47 Ct Cm Cb Subject X Moon, P. and Spencer, D.. On the stiles-crawford effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1944
58. PLR Model Validation Videos captured while changing the illumination The illumination was measured (lux meter) The pupil size in mm was estimated for each frame
80. Summary A Physiologically-based Pupil Light Reflex (PLR) Model First to simulate pupil dynamics under variable lighting All parameters derived from experimental data Real-time predictable animations Support for individual variability Iridal Pattern Deformation Model Produce photorealistic animations in real time 70
81. Possible Applications Screening tool for Eye diseases such as ⊠XXXX Intoxication by alcohol/drugs An average healthy subject model for comparison Ophthalmologic tool for simulations and training Iris recognition withoutcontrolled illumination 71
82. Acknowledgments Volunteers and Collaborators Dr. JacoboMelamedCattan, MD Prof. Roberto Silva Prof. Luis A. V. Carvalho Leandro Fernandes, Marcos Slomp and RenatoSilveira CNPq-Brazil fellowship (305613/2007-3) NSERC-Canada grant (238337) Microsoft Brazil
83. Photorealistic Models for Pupil Light Reflex and Iridal Pattern Deformation Vitor F. Pamplona Manuel M. Oliveira Gladimir V. G. Baranoski
84.
85. Photorealistic Models for Pupil Light Reflex and Iridal Pattern Deformation Vitor F. Pamplona Manuel M. Oliveira Gladimir V. G. Baranoski
88. PLR Model: Flash Light Validation 78 * Light intensity obtained from the inverse of Moon and Spencer
89. Applications Photorealistic animations Non-adhoc automatic animation of the iris-pupil system Tool for diagnostics An average healthy subject model for comparison Ophthalmologic simulations Iris recognition Controlled illumination is not needed anymore 79
97. In a frequency range of 0.05 a 0.3Hz80 Stark, L. W., Sherman, P. M. A servoanalytic study of consensual pupil reflex to light. J. Neurophysiol, 1959. Hachol, A. et al. Measurement of pupil reactivity using fast pupillometry. Physiol. Meas., 2007.
98. Wyattâs model for Iris Structure Model for irisâ collagen fibbers Linear and radial deformation plus a non linear component. 81 Wyatt, H. J. A minimum-wear-and-tear meshwork for the iris. Vision Research. 2000.
100. PLR Model: Velocities Included in the numerical step Constriction is 3 times faster than dilation S is a constant that may change among individuals 83 Ellis, C. J. The pupillary light reflex in normal subjects. British J. of Ophthalmology, 1981. Bergamin, O. et al. The influence of iris color on the pupillary light reflex. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 1998.
101. PLR Model: Individual Variability Mapped as iso-curves in Moon and Spenserâs data 84 Moon, P. and Spencer, D.. On the stiles-crawford effect. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1944
110. Physiologically-based models [Animar o fluxo] 93 Privitera, C. M., Stark L. W. A. Binocular PupilModel for SimulationofRelative AfferentPupilDefectsandtheSwingingFlashlight Test. Bio. Cyber. 2006.
111. Contributions Pupil Light Reflex (PLR) model First practical model to simulate pupil dynamics under variable lighting conditions First integrated model with support to individual variability, latency, and constriction/dilation velocities Iridal pattern deformation model First model validated with human eyes. 94
112. Summary Physiologically-based model from Longtin & Milton Dynamic Constantsandfunctionsundefined Experiment-based model from Moon & Spencer Static Averagesubject 95
113. Summary Physiologically-based model from Longtin & Milton Dynamic Constants and functions (g) undefined Experiment-based model from Moon & Spencer Static Averagesubject 96
One can argue that the eyes are the most important feature in facial animation. They can be used to guide the audienceâs attention, as well as to convey emotions.
The eyes are arguably the most important feature in facial animation.They can be used to direct the audienceâs attention âŠ
⊠as well as to convey emotion.The iris-pupil sub-system is subject to some involuntary movements.