This document describes an RF-based transformer temperature monitoring system. The system uses a temperature sensor interfaced with a microcontroller to monitor and display the temperature on an LCD. The temperature is also transmitted via RF to a remote receiver connected to a PC. Key components include a temperature sensor, microcontroller, LCD, RF transmitter and receiver modules. The system is designed and programmed to continuously monitor and log transformer temperature remotely.
2. INTRODUCTION
Project dealing with monitoring through RF and data log on the PC at
remote location
Has proper interface on temperature sensor according to the need.
The temperature variation is monitored with proper resolution.
The system consists of a temperature sensor, Advance controller
microcontroller ATMEGA168,RF modules, UART communication
(controller and PC)and the LCD.
This all system will be interfaced together to design the complete
module
The temperature level is continuously monitored by the
microcontroller.
The controller gives proper output to control the LCD and UART
communication between controller and PC
3. PROJECT SCOPE
Understanding of monitoring systems
Understanding temperature sensor and its interface
Understanding of LCD interfacing.
Understanding of ‘Embedded system’
Understanding the use of Microcontroller and programming in C
language.
Understanding UART communication and programming
Understanding RF and interface.
PCB designing and Circuit designing.
PCB development, Component mounting and soldering.
Testing of the circuit.
5. WORKING IN BRIEF
1. The temperature sensor will continuously monitor the
temperature of the transformer
2. The temperature sensor will be connected to the controller
to give the signal to detect the temperature
3. The temperature will be displayed on the LCD connected to
the controller
4. This temperature value will be transferred over the RF
channel to the remote location.
5. The receiver will receive the value which is sent through the
microcontroller to the PC.
9. COMPONENTS
DS18B20 temperature sensor
LCD
MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA 168
BRIDGE RECTIFIRE
7805 IC
CAPACITORS, RESISTORS, OSCILLATORS
RF transmitter and receiver
10. DS18B20 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The DS18B20 digital thermometer provides 9-bit to 12-bit
Celsius temperature measurements.
The DS18B20 communicates over a 1-Wire bus that by
definition requires only one data line (and ground) for
communication with a central microcontroller.
Each DS18B20 has a unique 64-bit serial code, which allows
multiple DS18B20s to function on the same 1-Wire bus
Converts Temperature to 12-Bit Digital Word in 750ms (Max)
11. LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)
Is an electronic display module.
16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly
used in various devices and circuits.
16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines.
Has two registers namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions.
The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD.
The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on
the LCD.
13. MICROCONTROLLER
Mini computer with necessary support chips on-board.
Designed to perform applications where the relationship of
input and output is defined
With advancement various features have been included in
the micro-controllers
Three main building blocks – system should have to perform
any task.
• A processing unit (CPU)
• I/O PORTS for interaction with user or physical environment
• Memory elements (RAM/ROM/Flash/EEPROM)
15. ATMEGA168
23 general purpose I/O lines
A 6-channel 10-bit ADC (analog input)
6 output PWM channels(analog output)
A serial programmable USART
This allows very fast start-up combined with low power
consumption
17. 7805 VOLTAGE REGULATORS
A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a
constant voltage level
Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed voltage
(typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages
For ICs within the 78xx family, the xx is replaced with two
digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805
has a 5 volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts)
18. DIODE BRIDGE
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in
a bridge circuit configuration that provides the
same polarity of output for either polarity of input
When used in its most common application, for conversion of
an alternating current (AC) input into a direct current (DC)
output, it is known as a bridge rectifier
19. CAPACITORS
To store electricity, or electrical energy.
Also functions as filter, passing AC, and blocking DC.
Apply DC voltage- electric charge is stored on each electrode.
Three types of capacitor i.e. ceramic capacitor & electrolytic
capacitor and variable.
Polarized capacitors - Electrolytic
Un-Polarized capacitors – ceramic
Variable capacitors
20. RESISTOR
A resistor is a device found in circuits that has a certain
amount of resistance. Why would you ever want to add
resistance to a circuit by using a resistor?
The most common reason is that we need to be able to
adjust the current flowing through a particular part of the
circuit.
If voltage is constant, then we can change the resistor to
change the current. I=V /R If “V” is constant and we change
“R”, “I” will be different.
So for a constant voltage it limits the current
21. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces
electrical oscillations at a particular designed frequency
determined by the physical characteristics of one or
more crystals, generally of quartz, positioned in the
circuit feedback loop
A piezoelectric effect causes a crystal such as quartz to
vibrate and resonate at a particular frequency
23. RF RX
434 MHz or 315 MHz Operation
500 Ft. Range - Dependent on Transmitter Power Supply
4800 bps transfer rate
Low cost
Extremely small and light weight
24. ARDUINO COMPILER FOR PROGRAMMING
The Arduino programming language is an implementation of
Wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based
on the Processing multimedia programming environment.
Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking
inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a
variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs.
Arduino hardware is programmed using a Wiring-based
language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some
slight simplifications and modifications, and a Processing-
based integrated development environment
The Arduino IDE comes with a C/C++ library although users
only need define two functions to make a run-able program:
25. ARDUINO COMPILER
setup () – a function run once at the start of a program that can
initialize settings
loop() – a function called repeatedly until the board powers off
The Arduino development environment contains a text
editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common functions, and a series
of menus.
Software written using Arduino is called sketches. It has
features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing
text.
