Cashless travel on public transport is popular in developed countries and gaining some momentum in developing countries. India is still lagging in this area of area of Integrated Electronic Ticketing. Find out more about E-ticketing in India.

1. Integrated Transport Services -
Cashless Transactions / Smart Card
“Session II – Taking Transit - Integrated Public Transport Services”
November 10, 2014
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

2. Multimodal Transport – Moves Towards a network
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.. To an integrated network:
• Changing socio-economic
context => Optimising the use
and capacity of the system
• Improving the accessibility of the
system and creating a
comprehensive network
=> Cross subsidies
• Efficiency of hub and spoke
network
From a fragmented network..
(Several operators, different fares
and ticketing systems, competition
between companies )

3. …. To Smart and Connected Transport
The world is changing and old terms are also changing…
Integrated Multi-Modal
Transport
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‘Smart’ and ‘Connected’
Transport
Integrated
Multi-Modal
Transport
System

4. ‘Smart’ and ‘Connected’ Transport
Integrated or Connected Transport Infrastructure requires:
Institutional
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Physical
Transaction Information

5. Smart and Connected Cities - IBM
Smart Transportation: Integrating Systems for More
Efficient Transportation (IBM Smart Cities)
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6. What is Smart Transportation System
Parking
Information
System
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6
Automated
Vehicle
Location
System
Automated
Fare
Collection
System
Intelligent
Signaling
System
Real-Time
Traffic
Information
System
Real-time
Monitoring
System
Interactive
journey
planner for
all modes
Car Sharing
Cycle
Sharing
Systems

7. Cashless Travel on Public Transport
Cashless travel in India is still limited to Metro System and
Organized Taxi Service
• Cashless travel on public transport is popular in developed countries
and gaining some momentum in developing countries
• Cashless transaction not only provides easy method to collect revenue but
also produces large quantities of data for better planning and monitoring
• In India, Metro Systems and Taxi Companies are using these options
more for better accountability and smoother transaction
• Sadly, the bus-based public transport system still lags behind in this
area, which is available in more cities and carries more passengers
• Most of STUs are still using paper tickets for fare collection and following
conventional system. There is a need to modernize fare collection
mechanism to accommodate cashless travel.
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8. Modes of Cashless Transaction
Mainly use for
Smart Card NFC
Mobile Wallet Application Smart Tags
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Mainly use for Mainly use for
Mainly use for

9. Smart Card for Transport E-Ticketing
Magnetic Stripe Card – Mainly use for banking transaction
and Information are stored by modifying the magnetism of
tiny iron-based magnetic particles
• Transport e-ticketing is expanded after the use of smart cards technology
– Smart cards are able to store enough information to process monetary
transactions and card holder’s details for security purposes
• There are two categories of smart cards that can be used for public
transport e-ticketing:
– A single purpose transit pass
– An electronic purse (e‐purse) card
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Smart Card – Mainly use for public transport system and
information are stored in a microchip and transmits data
using radio frequency identification (RFID)

10. Smart Card for Integrated Transport E-Ticketing
Smart Cards are still the most common form of Transport
e-ticketing, which is being used around the world
• Public transport operators around the world has adopted new electronic
media (Smart Cards / NFC) to replace paper-based tickets to introduce
electronic ticketing systems
• The cities are implementing multimodal transportation ticketing system
or Integrated Transport e-ticketing, combining all modes on a single ticket
using smart card and/or other technologies
• e-ticketing can be used as a tool to facilitate the combination of modes
and the transfer between them. Further, the system can be extended to
other areas like retail stores, library or tourist sites
• Interoperability, common specifications and identical commercial
structures are important to introduce for integrated fare collection system
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11. Advantages of Integrated Transport E-ticketing
• Enables commuters to carry one card for use on all transit modes
• Facilitates the multi-modal travel behaviour
• Allows faster boarding and help to reduce trip times
• Just takes 150 milliseconds to complete the transaction
• Collects authentic data about travel pattern and behaviour
• Data can be used to inform transport policy and the planning of service
• Allows the operator to offer discounts to commuters for specific trips
• Can balance demand and increase patronage in off peak periods
• Allows faster revenue reconciliation with recorded data on travel patterns
• Equips authorities to detect and deter fare evasion
• Integrates with other transport service like parking, tolls and taxis
• Promotes cashless economy by integrating with convenience stores
Easy to Use
Improve
Boarding
Travel Data
Collection
Demand
Management
Reduce Revenue
Pilferage
Multiple Use of
Smart Cards
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12. Global Examples of Integrated Transport E-ticketing
• Established in 2005 and owned
by all five key transport operators
• Used by 99% of people in Hong
Kong aged 15 to 64
• Can be used for fare payments for
bus, taxi, subway, train, tram, and
ferry services
• Can be used for small‐value
payments in the retail sector,
access control for residential and
commercial buildings
• Established in 2003 and owned by
Transport for London (TFL)
• Over 43 million Oyster cards had
been issued and more than 80%
of all journeys on public transport
in London were made using the
card by June 2012
• Can be used for fare payments for
bus, Tube, tram, DLR, London
Overground and most National
Rail services in London
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Ez-link Card of Singapore
• Establish in 2002 and owned by
Land Transport Authority (LTA)
• More than 10 million cards in
circulation and around 8 million
transactions everyday are made
on the system, primarily for public
transport fares
• Can be used for fare payments
for public transport travel, as well
as other commercial purposes
and non-transit applications

13. Key Factors for Integrated Transport E-ticketing
To implement successful Integrated E-ticketing, there is a need to
setup common goal and policies for all operators
• There should be a government authority with statutory control over all
modes of transport and mandates to setup Common Clearing House
• There should be a high-level of coordination and co-operation
between all public transport providers and the suppliers
• There is need to identify and establish common technology platform for
all key stakeholders, instead of compulsion to use old technology
• It is important to ensure that the cost of technology should be
economical for all modes of transports and shared by all stakeholders
• There should be integrated tariff for seamless transport for the
passengers and gives discount to consumers for use of multiple modes
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14. Opportunities to implement Integrated E-ticketing
About City
Public Transport
New Delhi Mumbai Bangalore
Area: 1,484 Sq. Km
Population: 22 million
No. of Vehicles: 7.22 million
Area: 603 Sq. Km
Population: 21 million
No. of Vehicles: 2.02 million
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Area: 741 Sq. km
Population: 9.6 million
No. of Vehicles: 3.79 million
Metro: 190 kms
Buses (Public): 4,938
Buses (Cluster): 1,217
Suburban: 427.5 kms
Metro: 11.40 kms
Mono Rail: 8.9 kms
Buses (Best): 4,700
Metro: 19.5 kms
Buses (BMTC): 6,745
Taxi: 52,884
Auto: 100,000
Taxi: 55,000
Auto: 246,000
Taxi: 40,185
Auto: 150,000
• Smart Cards and Tokens
system is implemented by
Delhi Metro
• Handheld Fare Collection
machines in all Cluster
buses
• Smart Cards system is
implemented by Suburban
Railways and Reliance
Metro
• Handheld Fare Collection
machines in some buses
• Smart Cards and Tokens
system is implemented by
Namma Metro
• Handheld Fare Collection
machines in some buses
Para Transit
Automated Fare
Collection

15. Indian Examples of Smart Card Fare Collection
Delhi Metro Smart
Travel Card
• Delhi Metro has implemented Automatic Fare Collection system
using Contactless Smart Card as multi-ride ticket in 2005. The
contactless smart card compliant to Type A Mifare Desfire (4Kbytes)
• Currently, DMRC is selling more than 20,000 cards per day and
currently has around 6.1 million cards in circulation
• Delhi Metro has introduced the smart card system in the city.
However, DMRC is not ready to make any change in technical
specification and allows other modes to integrate with its system
− Delhi Metro has integrated its system with Gurgaon Metro as
they are using Thales Automatic Fare Collection, which is very
costly for bus operators
70% of Delhi Metro
travelers are smart
card users
Other Smart Cards in India
Namma Metro Travel Card Reliance Metro Travel Card Indian Railway Smart Card
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16. Challenges to Implement Integrated E-ticketing
• Responsibility to plan, construct, operate and manage different modes
of transports are with different agencies. There is no single agency
• The government plays very critical role to facilitate standardization and
coordination among players, which is missing in India
• Metro System has access to fund and can procure technology from
outside, whereas bus operators can not adopt the same technologies
• Bus Transport is still controlled by STUs and Individual Operators.
Further, most of the cities are largely dependent on informal transport
• Transport networks are complex and unorganized in India. It is difficult
to encompass every fare rate possible for every service provider
across an entire network.
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17. Thank You
Valoriser Consultants
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