Power of partnership conference: Presentation: Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) 2018: India Findings

1. Multidimensional
Poverty Index (MPI) 2018:
India Findings
Christian Oldiges, OPHI, University of Oxford

2. KEY FINDING: NEARLY HALF OF THE MPI
POOR PEOPLE ARE CHILDREN
Interviewed by students of Lady Doak Colleg

3. A person who is deprived in 1/3 or more of the weighted indicators is MPI poor.
14-year old Amutha, India
mutha is poor: she and her family are deprived in more than 1/3 of the MPI weighted
ndicators.

4. What is the global MPI?
4

5. What is new in 2018?
5
• In 2018, OPHI and UNDP undertook a joint revision of
the global MPI, drawing upon and subsuming the best of
the previous MPI by adjusting five of its ten indicators to
better align the global MPI with the SDGs.
• The results from this year cover 100+ countries, and is
disaggregated by over 1000 sub-national regions, as well as
by rural-urban areas and age groups, making it particularly
useful in identifying people who are left behind in multiple
SDGs.

6. The global MPI 2018

7. How do you calculate the MPI?
The MPI uses the Alkire & Foster (2011) Method:
1) Incidence or the headcount ratio (H ) ~ the percentage
of people who are poor.
2) Intensity of people’s deprivation (A) ~ the average
share of dimensions (proportion of weighted deprivations)
people suffer at the same time. It shows the joint distribution
of their deprivations.
Formula: MPI = M0 = H × A

8. KEY FINDING : 271 MILLION PEOPLE MOVED
OUT OF POVERTY IN INDIA
India cut the poverty rate from 55% to 28%
The poorest states reduced poverty fastest.
Yet India still has the largest
number of people living in
poverty in the world: 364 million

9. THE POOREST INDIAN STATES REDUCED POVERTY
FASTEST

10. Every indicator declined
statistically significantly

11. State patterns vary

12. THE POOREST GROUPS REDUCED POVERTY FASTEST

13. Why is this so surprising?
13
• In 2015, we published a study comparing the old MPI
using NFHS2 and NFH3 data – so 1999-2006.
• It’s different (it’s the old MPI), but according to that,
both the pace and the pattern are different.
• And by the way, if we do the comparison of NFHS3
and NFHS4 using the ‘old’ MPI, how many people
would have come out of poverty? 286 million
• In fact, out of 20 trial MPIs, in all but one,
more than 271 million people leave poverty.

14. But standing challenges
remain
14
• 364 million people are MPI poor in India =
27.5%
• For $1.90day (19 Sept) it is over 170 million =
13.4%
• Bihar is still the poorest state (52.2%)
• Muslims are still the poorest religious group
(31.1%)
• STs are still the poorest caste group (50.0%)
followed by SCs (35.3%)
• Children 0-9 are still the poorest age
cohort (41%)
• In fact, one in four poor persons in India
has not yet celebrated their tenth birthday.

15. But challenges remain: High
deprivations in Nutrition and 3 living
standard indicators
15

16. But standing challenges
remain: 89% of poor people live in
rural areas
16

17. But standing challenges
remain: Nutrition, cooking fuel,
sanitation, education
17

18. In four districts in UP and MP more
than 70% of people are poor
Twenty-seven districts have 60 to 70% of
their people in poverty.
In 19 districts less than 1% of people are poor
In 42 districts, poverty rates are 2 to 5%.
40.4 million people live in districts where more than 60% of people are
poor – 20.8 million in Bihar, 10.6 million in Uttar Pradesh, and the
remainder Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and
Odisha. In South Asia, 27.4 million more people live in such regions
– 6.5 million in Balochistan, 8.5 in Sylhet (62.3%), the rest in
Afghanistan (12.4M).

19. INDIA CHAPTER ONLINE:
GLOBAL
MULTIDIMENSIONAL
POVERTY INDEX 2018
The Most Detailed Picture to
Date
of the World’s Poorest People
WWW.OPHI.ORG.UK