His presentation covered the main drivers for the explosive growth in global EV ownership and the fundamentals of the technology of both vehicles and the battery charging systems required to refuel them. This talk is great for local authorities, developers, planning managers, environmental, town centre managers and contractors. by Nick Ebsworth, Siemens

1. Electromobility
Contributing to a cleaner, healthier, quieter
and more sustainable environment
siemens.co.uk/trafficUnrestricted © Siemens AG 2019

2. © Siemens plc 2019
Page 2 Nick Ebsworth / Jason Stonier
Air quality in the UK
The issue today
Today:
• NO2 and particulates have replaced SO2 and soot as the main
pollutants
• Air pollution is responsible for 40,000 premature deaths in the UK
• Over 3,400 hospital admissions for air-pollution related health
issues per year in London alone
• Children are the most affected
• UK health costs estimated at £20 billion per year
• Road transport is the most significant source of NO2, particularly
diesel-engine vehicles
• 80% street-level noise pollution from vehicles.
NO2 map - National Atmospheric
Emissions Inventory
www.beis.gov.uk

3. © Siemens plc 2019
Page 3 Nick Ebsworth / Jason Stonier
Siemens Complete Solutions for Air Quality Management
Integrated air-quality management
To detect, measure, adapt and optimise To inform, assist, encourage, and enforce
Urban traffic
control
Journey time
(ANPR &
Bluetooth)
Vehicle detect
and control
Bike detect
& control
Pedestrian
detect &
control
VMS
Connected
Mobility
(V2X and IP)
EnforcementRoad
Charging
Electromobility

4. © Siemens plc 2019
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The Case For EV
Since 1990, The UK’s CO2 emissions have consistently
trended down in every area except transport
If we de-carbonise transport by switching to EV this has
an immediate and significant effect on our CO2 output –
even if the chargers are powered from the ‘cleaner’ fossil
fuels, due to the efficiency gain of bulk power generation
>50% of the UK’s power now comes from
‘renewable’ sources
Total Cost Of Ownership of EV already
lower than a typical fuel equivalent
Capital Cost of EV will drop below ICE
cars around 2030
About 20,000 public
charge connectors, and
growing
Regular maintenance is
essential!

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Dieselgate
Volkswagen have been fined for developing and installing emissions-cheating
software on 10.7 million vehicles:
• $ 4.3 billion in US
• € 1 billion in Germany
• Class action lawsuit in UK
• Further civil claims pending in Europe
Diesel emissions-cheating not confined to VW:
• Daimler ordered to recall 238,000 vehicles
• Audi ordered to recall 224,000 vehicles
• Mercedes recalling 3 million vehicles for software ‘update’ ahead of prosecution
• Fiat Chrysler under investigation by EPA in US and DfT in UK for possible emissions cheating.

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Electromobility Solutions
A long history of innovation – interrupted by gasoline.
1834:
Thomas Davenport invents the first electric car
Electric cars hold all land-speed records until 1900
1903:
World’s first speeding ticket issued – to the driver of an electric car
1908:
Henry Ford buys his wife, Clara, an electric car
Over 38,000 electric cars on the roads
But despite Internal Combustion Engines taking over – electric vehicles never quite went away.......

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The four types of electric vehicle available now
Conventional fuel with
electric motor top-up
Battery range less than
30 miles. Electric
operation is mainly to
reduce CO2 emissions
Uses energy stored as
liquid hydrogen
Chemical fuel cell converts
hydrogen to electricity
without burning. Only
emission is water, and
these vehicles have a
range typically of 300 miles
or more
Toyota Mirai
Mitsubishi Outlander
Nissan Leaf
Wholly electric vehicles
powered by batteries
Currently most manufacturers
offer pure electric cars with a
range of 100 miles or more
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
Similar to BEVs but include a small
petrol generator on board
Range is extended by the generator
charging the batteries on-the-go if
needed
BMW i3 R-Ex
Extended-Range Electric Vehicles (E-REVs)Extended-Range Electric Vehicles (E-REVs)

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Range Anxiety – a thing of the past?
Nissan Leaf E: 226 miles
Jaguar I-pace: 234 miles
Chevrolet Bolt EV: 238 miles
Audi e-tron: 248 miles
Hyundai Kona – 258 miles
Tesla Model X – 295 miles
Tesla Model 3 – 310 miles
Tesla Model S – 335 miles

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EV Global Uptake
OPEC’s EV forecasts for the following year have been consistently beaten each year since 2015

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EV UK uptake
More than 200,000 EV’s now registered in the UK. More than 180,000 plug-in grants applied for to date.
The UK already has the largest market for ultra-low emission vehicles in the EU, and the fifth largest in the world
195,000
plug-in cars
8,500 plug-
in vans
120 plug-in
models

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0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Jan2010
Mar2010
May2010
Jul2010
Sep2010
Nov2010
Jan2011
Mar2011
May2011
Jul2011
Sep2011
Nov2011
Jan2012
Mar2012
May2012
Jul2012
Sep2012
Nov2012
Jan2013
Mar2013
May2013
Jul2013
Sep2013
Nov2013
Jan2014
Mar2014
May2014
Jul2014
Sep2014
Nov2014
Jan2015
Mar2015
May2015
Jul2015
Sep2015
Nov2015
Jan2016
Mar2016
May2016
Jul2016
Sep2016
Nov2016
Jan2017
Mar2017
May2017
Jul2017
Sep2017
Nov2017
Jan2018
Vehiclesales
Date (m/y)
TESLA ROADSTER
RENAULT FLUENCE
VOLKSWAGEN E-GOLF
TESLA MODEL
CHEVROLET VOLT
CITROEN C-ZERO
TOYOTA MIRAI
RENAULT TWIZY
BMW I8
RENAULT ZOE
NISSAN LEAF
HYUNDAI KONA
TESLA MODEL X
TESLA MODEL S
BMW I3
Cumulative Growth of Battery EV cars in the UK
BMW I3, (9,782)
TESLA MODEL S,
(6,316) TESLA MODEL X, (2,158)
HYUNDAI KONA, (451)
NISSAN LEAF, (22,693)
RENAULT ZOE, (6,362)
BMW I8, (2,147)RENAULT
TWIZY,
(607)
TOYOTA MIRAI, (44)
CITROEN C-ZERO, (256)
CHEVROLET VOLT, (130)
TESLA MODEL, (968)
VOLKSWAGEN E-GOLF, (171)
RENAULT FLUENCE, (89)
TESLA ROADSTER, (90)
Department for Transport statistics, VEH0161 April 2018

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Models registered in 2018

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A new market, new opportunities…
Traditional fuel retailers under pressure to adapt for EV growth
• En-route charging required to support long journeys
• Emphasis on ultra-rapid charging – faster is better!
• 80% of recharging will take place at home
• The distribution network will need upgrading due to higher than planned loads
• SMART home charging will reduce pressure on networks in short-term
• REA calling for 3-phase connections to new homes
New EV manufacturers entering the market daily:
• Tesla – wide range of high performance BEVs.
• Rivian – ultra long-range ‘Ford Ranger’ type BEV
• Fiskar – high-performance sports BEV
• Tango – quirky ultra-compact BEV
• Think – compact BEV from Norway
• Saba – high-performance sports BEV
• Venturi – ‘dune buggy’ open-top style BEV
• ..and challenging new designs from collaborations

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Did you know?...
19,376 UK public charge points available as of
Feb 2019
96% of motorway services now offer charging
facilities.
Telsa massive expansion at services –
converting to CCS and opening network.
OLEV grants available for home chargers
and workplace chargers (ZCF to expand)

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Siemens – let’s go greener.
O logo da Siemens
aparece a provocar
a mudança numa
cidade e a torná-la
mais verde.
But are they GREEN ?
•Large-scale power generation is 65% efficient
•ICE engines are 20% efficient
•BEV is ~35g/km CO2 (charged from gas-fired power)
•An ICE is ~120g/km CO2 – 4 times worse
• plus NOx, SO2, N2, CO, particulates.....
•EVs reduce road noise and pollution in our cities

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AC or DC charging? – the basics
AC
•Batteries are charged by an AC/DC converter permanently integrated into the vehicle
•Converters need to be small/low-cost/light/reliable/cool
•Maximum charging rate is determined and controlled the charger and is the SMALLER of:
•Charger
•Cable from charger to car (auto-sensed by charger)
•Converter in vehicle
•Typical converters are 3.4kW or 7kW (1 phase) e.g. Nissan Leaf (3.4kW or 7kW) and BMW i3 (7kW) – slow!
•There are VERY FEW cars with larger AC/DC converters!
DC
• When connected to DC, batteries are charged directly by the
charger, by-passing AC/DC converter
• Charging rate is determined by the battery – 50kw now, 350kW
soon – much faster than AC charging.
• Two incompatible standards with different plugs...
• CHAdeMO (Japanese)
• CCS/COMBO2 (European)
1kWh = 3.3 miles range!

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Charger Types
Type kW
Charge
Time
Location
Typical
Cars
Slow AC 2.2kW 18h Home Nissan Leaf
Slow AC 3.7kW 10h Home Nissan Leaf
Fast AC 7.4kW 5h Home / Work Nissan Leaf
Fast AC 11kW 3h40m Work / Shops BMW i3 94Ah
Fast AC 22kW 1h50m Shops
Renault Zoe
Smart Fortwo
Rapid AC 43kW 55m Public / Stations Renault Zoe
Rapid DC 50kW 45m Public / Stations Most EVs
Rapid DC 120kW 20m Motorway Jaguar I-Pace
Ultra Rapid DC 160kW 15m Urban Hubs Audi e-tron
Ultra Rapid DC 350kW 7m Urban Hubs Porsche Taycan

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Plugs and Sockets - AC
Charger end – three phase
“Type 2” socket and cable plug
•22kW maximum with plug and lead
•43kW maximum with tethered lead
Vehicle end – single phase “Type 1” (SAE-J1772
plug and socket
e.g. Nissan Leaf. Mitsubishi iMIEV
Vehicle end – three phase “Type 2” plug and socket
e.g. Volvo C30, SMART, Mercedes E-Vito
NO volts on socket until BOTH ends connected.
Sockets lock into position before charging.
Vehicle disabled from driving.
30mA RCD shock protection

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Plugs and Sockets - DC
Charger end – tethered lead
Vehicle end – CHAdeMO plug and socket
e.g. Nissan Leaf
Vehicle end – CCS plug and socket
e.g. BMW i3, Volvo VW eGolf
NO volts on plug until vehicle connected.
Plug lock into position in car before charging.
Vehicle disabled from driving.
High voltage test before charging.
DC earth leakage monitoring.

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EV Chargers - Now
Single Outlet DC
Fleet Charger - Wall
Triple Outlet low-power DC Triple Outlet high-power DC
Dual Outlet Pole/Wall
Mount
DC rapid chargers (50-500V)
• Single and triple outlet chargers for cars
• 20kW to 50kW
•Integrated or separate battery options
• AC outlet as well as DC
•AC/DC power sharing option
AC chargers (230V, 400V)
•Single and Dual outlet.
•Ground, wall and pole mounted
•3.7kW to 22kW
•SMART charging – can co-operatively share
the available power.
Single Outlet
Pole/Wall mount
Dual Outlet Floor
Mount

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EV Chargers - Now
Ultra rapid DC chargers
•Single outlet.
•Up to 920V and 350A output.
•350kW capability with water-cooled CCS plugs.
•As little as 5 minutes to fully charge from flat.
DC Bus Chargers
•Single Outlet
•Up to 750V and 200A output.
•40kW, 90kW or 150kW on CCS plugs.

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What’s coming in the future?
Trials with catenaries for HGVs
Trials with reverse pantographs for Buses

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Accessing the charger
•Users start charging by swiping RFID card across charger.
•Phone app can also be used.
•Charger connects to Back Office by GSM.
•Back Office authenticates RFID card and allows charging.
•Back Office bills customer once charging completed.
Credit card payment options available

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EV Charger Installation Considerations
Charger Spec
• Right charger for the available power?
• Right charger for the anticipated dwell time?
• Future-proofed?
Power
• Sufficient?
• Route?
• Emergency isolation?
Other:
• Access for vehicles, users and cables
• Access for installation and maintenance ?
• Bollards?
• Lighting?
• Environmental protection?
• Bay marking?
• Signage?
• Bay Detection?
• Light or Noise pollution issues?

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Maintenance - Scheduled
Designed to ensure public safety and equipment
longevity:
Visual external inspection
•Grafitti – removal
•Damage to cables, cabinet, display, switches
•Uneven hard standing or other hazards.
Fan filter replacement
Earth integrity and RCD operation (internal and
external)
DC Earth leakage detector operation
Cooling and heating
Sensors (fuse-fail, mirror-contacts, over-temp, under-
temp, humidity)
Full functional test
Clean and leave site tidy

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Maintenance - Reactive
Rapid response for public safety and repair.

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Siemens Field Service Organisation
• 350 fully trained Field Service Engineers working across the UK.
• Test kit and Spares stored in 18 depots plus central Logistics Centre
• At least one EV Expert in each regional FS team

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Contact
Scott Bishop
Business Development Manager, EVI
Mobile/Cell: +44 (0) 7808 825859
E-mail: scott.bishop@siemens.com
Kelly Reeves
Sales Manager, EVI
Mobile/Cell: +44 (0) 7808 009025
E-mail: kelly.reeves@siemens.com
Jason Stonier
Product Manager, EVI
Mobile/Cell: +44 (0) 7921 876778
E-mail: jason.stonier@siemens.com
Nick Ebsworth
Technical Lead, EVI
Mobile/Cell: +44 (0) 7921 243001
E-mail: nicholas.ebsworth@siemens.com