Transition from Systems Analysis to Systems Designs

1. Transition from Systems
Analysis to Systems Design

2. What is Systems Analysis?
• is a problem-solving method that
involves looking at the wider system,
breaking apart the parts and figuring
out how it works in order to achieve a
particular goal.

3. Systems analysis involves looking at inputs, outputs,
mechanisms and controls

4. Systems Analysis
The first step in solving a problem that
involves a system is analyzing that system.
This involves breaking it down into the parts
that make it up, and seeing how those parts
work together. Sometimes figuring out how a
system works can involve turning off parts of
the system and seeing what happens, or
changing parts of the system and seeing what
the result is.

5. Systems Analysis
Structured Analysis
•“Structured analysis is a set of techniques and graphical tools
that allow the analyst to develop a new kind of system
specification that are easily understandable to the user. Analysts
work primarily with their wits, pencil and paper.” [Kendall 1996]
•Uses a set of process models to describe a system graphically
•The availability of CASE tools in the 1990s enabled analysts to
develop and modify the graphical SASD models.

6. Systems Analysis
• Object-oriented (O-O) analysis
– O-O analysis combines data & processes into
things called objects
– O-O analysis uses object models to represent
data and behavior, and to show how objects
affect other objects
– By describing the objects (data) and methods
(processes) needed to support business
operation, a system developer can design
reusable components that allow faster system
implementation and decreased development
cost

7. Systems Analysis
Object-oriented (O-O) analysis
• objects combine data and processes. Object are the end
product of object-oriented analysis. Object is a member of
a class
• Class is a collection of similar objects
• Objects possess characteristics called properties
• Properties inherits from the object class or possesses on
its own
• In O-O design, built-in processes called methods can
change an object’s properties
• Object can send information to another object by using a
message
• A message requests specific behavior or information from
another object

8. Object-oriented (O-O)Object-oriented (O-O)
analysisanalysis
The PERSON class includes INSTRUCTOR and STUDENT
objects, which have their own properties and inherited
properties.

9. • Joint Application Development and Rapid
Application Development
– JAD – The basic idea behind JAD is to bring
structure to the requirements determination
phase of analysis and to the reviews that occur
as a part of design.
– Team based fact finding
– Users, Managers and Analysts work together for
several days
– System requirements are reviewed
– Structured meetings
.

10. – RAD – created to radically decrease the time
needed to design and implement information
systems.
– RAD relies on extensive user involvement.
• Incorporate special techniques and tools:
– CASE tools
– JAD sessions
– Fourth generation/visualization programming
languages
– Code generators
.

11. What is System Designs?
• is the process of defining the elements of a
system such as the architecture, modules
and components, the different interfaces of
those components and the data that goes
through that system
• it is meant to satisfy specific needs and
requirements of a business or organization
through the engineering of a coherent and
well-running system.

12. What is the most important thing to be
aware of in systems design?
A systems approach to design asks:
•For this situation, what is the system?
•What is the environment?
•What goal does the system have in relation to
its environment?
•What is the feedback loop by which the
system corrects its actions?

13. What is the most important thing to be
aware of in systems design?
• How does the system measure whether it
has achieved its goal?
• Who defines the system, environment, goal,
etc.—and monitors it?
• What resources does the system have for
maintaining the relationship it desires?
• Are its resources sufficient to meet its
purpose?

14. The Transition to Systems
Design
• Preparing for Systems Design Tasks
– It is essential to have an accurate and
understandable system requirements
document
• Logical and Physical Design
– The logical design defines the functions
and features of the system and the
relationships among its components
– The physical design of an information
system is a plan for the actual
implementation of the system