Giant Salvinia: A growing problem and a natural control
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Presented at the TWCA Fall Conference 2014 www.twca.org
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Giant Salvinia: A growing problem and a natural control
- 1. GIANT SALVINIA: A GROWING PROBLEM AND A NATURAL CONTROL Presented by: Allie Cozad
- 2. WHAT’S TO COME? Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) • Basic biology • Impacts on us and the environment • How it got here and how we control it The salvinia weevil (Cyrtobagous salviniae) • Basic biology and life cycle • Red River Waterway’s Research Center • A few success stories (with pictures) Continuing Research Questions
- 3. What is Giant Salvinia? • Free floating aquatic fern • Pair of floating emergent leaves • 3rd submersed leaf acts like a root • Sporocarps appear in the “mature” plants
- 4. THREE STAGES Primary S e c o n d a r y Tertiary
- 5. WHY IS GIANT SALVINIA A PROBLEM? • Highly invasive • Doubles in 2-3 days • Dominating waterways – Makes navigation difficult – Devaluation of property – Irrigation systems – Blocks natural air exchange
- 6. How did this invasion begin??? • Brazilian native plant introduced in the US as ornamental plant • 1970- federally listed as prohibited noxious weed • Mid 90s- invaded Louisiana • Today- invaded almost every water body across the south
- 7. Methods of Control • Mechanical removal – Highly labor intensive – Damages plants-promotes growth • Chemical control – Not possibly in some areas – Chemicals affect other plants – Effective but expensive • Bio-control – Naturally occurring control – Successful in over 15 countries • “Endocide” --- more to come
- 8. Cyrtobagous salviniae : Giant salvinia’s natural control • Length: 1.5-3.1 mm • Width: 1.2-1.6 mm • Live for about 6 months • Egg to adult in 6 weeks • All stages are temperature dependent • Host specific
- 9. Life Cycle of the Weevil Females lay eggs only when salvinia is in contact with water Larvae feed on leaves and new buds eventually tunneling inside the rhizome Adult emerges primarily feeding on leaves and leaf buds Both active life stages destroy salvinia
- 10. Aquatic Research Center • Greenhouse construction complete in Sept. of 2012 • Started with approx. 300 ADULTS in March of 2012 • Released 90,000 ADULTS in 2013 • 2014 Greenhouses yielded 110,000 ADULTS West side of Red River at Lock 3 8-18-12
- 11. Lake Moondarra, Queensland, Australia APPROX. 500 ACRES INFESTED WITH S. MOLESTA 14 MONTHS AFTER RELEASE C. SALVINIAE
- 12. Bayou Nicholas November 2013 January 2014 June 2013
- 13. Continuing Research • Backwater areas are most important • Plant nurseries • Goal to make weevil factories • Fewer locations • Cold tolerance and Integrated management approaches • Key questions will be addressed in Master’s thesis research • RRWC is Exploring all options against our fight • Dr Shiyou Li and staff working towards new approach “ENDOCIDE”